Coloring effect of iron oxide content on ceramic glazes and their comparison with the similar waste containing materials

Göl, Fatma; Sarıtas, Zeynep Gizem; Cibuk, Selin; Ture, Cigdem; Kacar, Emre; Yilmaz, Ali; Arslan, Melek; Şen, Fatih

doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2021.10.001

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The disposal mode indicates that iron hydroxide crystallizes during the relative water evaporation from sludge over the deposit dump. This fact is supported by their small sizes of about 15-20 µm and confirms the data in the literature [16,17].…”

Section: Microstructural Observation and Elemental Spectroscopysupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Iron's fuzzy elemental distribution in the PS sample is related to the kaolinite particles. The literature mentions the occasional contamination of kaolinite with iron oxides [16,17], but our findings show that the raw kaolinite used here did not contain iron traces. The intense use of the water for the cleaning of the metallic molds leads to the removal of mineral particles; also, it might dissolve iron hydroxides from some rusted parts.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 46%

“…Unfortunately, it has been observed that the collected sludge contains various amounts of iron contamination, which compromises its potential for use as a recirculation material. Data in the literature show that iron contamination in the ceramic raw material induces brown stains over the glaze layer [16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation of Used Water Sediments from Ceramic Tile Fabrication

Avram,

Birle,

Tudoran

et al. 2024

Water

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Used water treatment is one of the most important aspects of environmental protection regarding industrial processes. Particulate matter dispersions affect water parameters; for example, increased pH values such as 10.21 are found for used floor tile water, and values of 10.84 are found for used wall tile water. However, pH decreases to about 9.42 after the sediment filtration process. This influences water turbidity, which is higher for used wall tile water due to its finer suspensions, and it is considerably decreased after the filtration process. Thus, the main aim of the present research is to investigate particulate matter dispersion into the water flows that are involved in ceramic tile technological processes before and after treatment at used water treatment facilities. X-ray diffraction (XRD) coupled with mineralogical optical microscopy (MOM) reveals that waters from wall tiles and floor tiles have similar mineral dispersions, containing mineral particles of quartz (5–50 μm), kaolinite (1–30 μm), and mullite (5–125 μm). Glass particles (having a dark appearance at MOM investigation) were also found in both samples in a size range of 20–55 μm. High-resolution SEM imaging coupled with the EDS elemental analysis confirms the XRD and MOM observations. Water samples collected after treatment at the treatment facility reveal a significant reduction in the particulate matter MOM, evidencing only small traces of quartz, kaolinite, and mullite in a size range of 1–15 μm, with most of the particles being attached to the filters, as confirmed by XRD. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) effectuated on this sample reveals the presence of kaolinite nanoparticles with a tabular–lamellar aspect and sizes ranging from 40 to 90 nm. The obtained results prove the efficacy of the filtering system regarding targeted particulate matters, ensuring water recirculation into the technological processes. The sludge resulting from the filtration process presents with a dense grainy structure of sediment particles containing quartz, mullite, and kaolinite, along with traces of iron hydroxide crystallized as goethite. Therefore, it cannot be reused in the technological flux, as the iron causes glaze staining; but the observed microstructure, along with the mineralogical composition, indicates that it could be used for other applications, such as ecological bricks or plasters, which will be further investigated.

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Section: Microstructural Observation and Elemental Spectroscopysupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 46%

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Investigation of Used Water Sediments from Ceramic Tile Fabrication

Avram,

Birle,

Tudoran

et al. 2024

Water

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“…In contrast, the lead-rich glaze in the purple enamel sample is richer in PbO and CaO than the luster sample. Traces of iron are present within the glaze, which could imply the presence of small Fe 2 O 3 particles that could contribute to the red tones of the purple enamel ( 25 ). However, the purple color likely originates from the gold nanoparticle-containing layer, which is also rich in aluminum, lead, calcium, and tin.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoscale engineering of gold particles in 18th century Böttger lusters and glazes

Chari

Taylor

Bezur

et al. 2022

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Significance The exploration of gold-based colorants in glass and glazes led Nobel Laureate Richard Zsigmondy to the study of colloids, and to the development, with Henry Siedentopf, of the earliest microscopes capable of resolving such small length scales. Zsigmondy’s studies were preceded by alchemical investigations starting in the 17th century that yielded the gold-based Purple of Cassius, and experiments in the early 18th century resulting in an unusual purple iridescent porcelain overglaze, called Böttger luster, at the Meissen Manufactory. We discuss the first nano-scale characterization of Böttger luster, its successful replication, and propose an explanation for its optical properties based on the physics of scattering and interference of nanoparticle arrays.

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“…The water resulting after sediment removal is re-circulated into the technological process and the pressed slurry is dumped. It cannot be reused in the technological process because of contamination with iron oxides and hydroxides that would stain the glaze [28][29][30]. Therefore, the resulting slurry is an industrial waste containing a high amount of fine mineral particles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructural Investigations Regarding Sustainable Recycling of Ceramic Slurry Collected from Industrial Waste Waters

Avram,

Barbu Tudoran,

Cuc

et al. 2024

Sustainability

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Ceramic slurry wastes have a significant hazardous potential when dumped. Their recycling as raw material is a sustainable approach for the development of nature-friendly applications. The microstructure and mechanical properties play a key role in the success of this sustainable recycling. Ceramic slurry samples resulting from the wall and floor tiles production facility were analyzed. The mineral composition was investigated by XRD combined with mineralogical microscopy and the microstructure was investigated by SEM microscopy coupled with EDX spectroscopy and elemental mapping. The ceramic slurry contains: quartz, kaolinite, mullite and small amounts of lepidocrocite. Quartz and mullite particles have sizes in the range of 5–100 μm and kaolinite has small particles of around 1 to 30 μm. Iron hydroxide crystallized as lepidocrocite is finely distributed among kaolinite aggregates. It makes the slurry unable to be reused in the technological process because of the glaze staining risk, but it does not affect the material cohesion. Thus, the cylindrical samples were prepared at progressive compactions rates as follows: 1808.55; 1853.46; 1930.79 and 2181.24 kg/m3 and dried. Thereafter, were subjected to a compression test with a lower compression strength of 0.75 MPa for lower density and a higher strength of 1.36 MPa for the higher density. Thus, slurry compaction enhances the kaolinite binding ability. The Young’s Modulus slightly decreases with the compaction increasing due to local microstructure rigidizing. This proves the binding ability of kaolinite, which properly embeds quartz and mullite particles into a coherent and resistant structure. The fractography analysis reveals that fracture starts on the internal pores at low compaction rates and throughout the kaolinite layer in the samples with high compactness. The observed properties indicate that the investigated ceramic slurry is proper as a clay-based binder for sustainable ecological buildings, avoiding the exploitation of new clay quarries. Also, it might be utilized for ecological brick production.

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Coloring effect of iron oxide content on ceramic glazes and their comparison with the similar waste containing materials

Cited by 11 publications

References 26 publications

Investigation of Used Water Sediments from Ceramic Tile Fabrication

Investigation of Used Water Sediments from Ceramic Tile Fabrication

Nanoscale engineering of gold particles in 18th century Böttger lusters and glazes

Microstructural Investigations Regarding Sustainable Recycling of Ceramic Slurry Collected from Industrial Waste Waters

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