Aluminum is a hazardous
element, found abundantly in the environment.
Although many methods have been reported for the efficient detection
of aluminum, an easy and accessible sensor for fast detection of aqueous
aluminum has not been devised to date. In this approach, we have synthesized
indole-2-carboxylic acid capped silver nanoparticles (I2CA-AgNPs)
using a one-pot method and used them as label-free nanosensors for
the detection of Al3+ in the presence of interfering metal
ions. I2CA-AgNPs were synthesized by two methods at different temperatures.
AgNPs synthesized by the heating method were further used as detection
probes as they showed a strong and narrow surface plasmon resonance
(SPR) peak in the visible region. The sensitivity of the detection
probe has been optimized by variations in size and distribution of
nanoparticles. Synthesized AgNPs were characterized by UV–vis
spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM),
Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), zeta potential, and dynamic light
scattering (DLS) analysis. Based on these results, I2CA-AgNPs could
be used as colorimetric sensors to selectively detect the presence
of Al3+. Further, results are confirmed by theoretical
calculations of binding energy by density functional theory (DFT).
Moreover, the nanosensor can also be applied to trace aluminum contamination
in different types of water samples. The lower detection limit of
the proposed method is 0.01 ppm (S/N = 3) which falls in the permissible limit set by the United States
Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), i.e. 50 ppm.