Colorimetric biosensors for point-of-care virus detections

Abstract

a b s t r a c tColorimetric biosensors can be used to detect a particular analyte through color changes easily by naked eyes or simple portable optical detectors for quantitative measurement. Thus, it is highly attractive for point-of-care detections of harmful viruses to prevent potential pandemic outbreak, as antiviral medication must be administered in a timely fashion. This review paper summaries existing and emerging techniques that can be employed to detect viruses through colorimetric assay design with detailed discussion of their sensing principles, performances as well as pros and cons, with an aim to provide guideline on the selection of suitable colorimetric biosensors for detecting different species of viruses. Among the colorimetric methods for virus detections, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method is more favourable for its faster detection, high efficiency, cheaper cost, and more reliable with high reproducible assay results. Nanoparticle-based colorimetric biosensors, on the other hand, are most suitable to be fabricated into lateral flow or lab-on-a-chip devices, and can be coupled with LAMP or portable PCR systems for highly sensitive on-site detection of viruses, which is very critical for early diagnosis of virus infections and to prevent outbreak in a swift and controlled manner.

Magnetic Bead-Quantum Dot (MB-Qdot) Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat Assay for Simple Viral DNA Detection

“…This is essential to enhance the overall detection sensitivity of CRISPR-Cas systems and is especially useful for simple detection in resource-limited environments. 42 , 43 More importantly, the high background originated from fluorophore-quencher substrates in unpurified bodily fluids is greatly reduced, which is the key to reduce complicated sample preparation for “real-world” diagnostics.…”

Recent development of nucleic acid nanosensors to detect sequence-specific binding interactions: From metal ions, small molecules to proteins and pathogens

“…Colorimetric sensors are simple, low cost due to their easy read out, which is even possible by naked eyes detection [ 43 ]. Noble metal nanoparticles such as gold, silver are suitable colorimetric indicators due to their excellent extinction coefficients and also unique distance-dependent optical properties [ 44 ].…”

A Graduated Approach in the Abolition of Waterborne Diseases in Drinking Water Using an Indicator Based Approach and Nano Based Biosensors: A Review

“…Recognition receptors that have been applied successful include Molecuarly imprinted polymers (MIPs), antibodies and aptamers (Justino, Duarte et al 2017).Therefore, succesful incopration of these receptors is of utmost importance in the operation of the biosensor. Biosensors still need to overcome the hurdles of sample time preparation, sensitivity to sample matrix and system intergration.. To achieve rela time biosensors, nano particles or smart materials like DNA can be implemented which has been applied in clinical diagnostics of patieents with HIV (Zhao, Wong et al 2019). Biosensor systems are more favored due to its ease of use and its capability to carry out an analsyis on site.…”

“…The LFA can detect salmonella, Escherichia Coli and Listeria within in 10 min using antibodies (Yoo and Lee 2016). Among all colorimetric methods, the best method is the loop -mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) owing to its low price and affordability, higher efficiency and faster detection time and also it offers reproducible results.However, nanoparticle based biosensors are far much superior in the detection of pathogens onsite (Zhao, Wong et al 2019). Nano particle colorimetric biosensors couple with LAMP have proven to be highly sensitive for detecting waterborne diseases on site (Zhao, Wong et al 2019).…”

“…The major advantage of using LAMP method is that it uses one single step test tube for approx. 30 mins at around 60 -65 degrees.The reaction time is very fast at just 10 mins (Zhao, Wong et al 2019). However, the LAMP method is too sensitive and this can lead it to yield false results and risk cross contamination during the experiment .Recent studies have proven that biosensors can be coupled with nano materials to make them more efficient and versatile.Among these nano materials ,quantum dots and silver nanoparticles have been proposed.…”