“…As one of the most important post-translational modifications, protein phosphorylation plays critical regulatory roles in cell cycle progression, proliferation, signal transduction, apoptosis, and immune responses. , However, aberrant kinase activity and protein phosphorylation can induce severe symptoms and diseases. , Therefore, protein kinases have become a class of therapeutic targets, and a number of protein kinase inhibitors have been applied in clinical trials for the treatment of different diseases including cancers, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, and neurological disorders. − Thus, developing efficient analytical methods for evaluating protein kinase activity and the screening of its inhibitors is essential to the fundamental biochemical study, clinical diagnosis, and drug discovery. To date, various methods have been reported for monitoring protein kinase activity, including radiometric assay, colorimetry, , fluorescence, , , surface plasmon resonance, electrochemistry, , photoelectrochemistry, , electrochemical luminescence, quartz crystal microbalance, and mass spectrometry . However, these reported assays for protein kinase usually require the use of three separate components, that is, ATP, protein substrate, and the signaling probe.…”