Colorful hues: insight into the mechanisms of anthocyanin pigmentation in fruit

Zhao, Yun; Sun, Juanli; Cherono, Sylvia; An, Jianping; Allan, Andrew C.; Han, Yuepeng

doi:10.1093/plphys/kiad160

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 173 publications

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“…Anthocyanins are secondary metabolites induced by environmental stimuli and developmental signals (Ubi, 2004; Yang et al, 2012a; Zhao et al, 2023). Hormones affect anthocyanin biosynthesis, as applying JA, ethylene, and ABA to most plants promotes anthocyanin production, while GA and auxin hinder anthocyanin accumulation (Loreti et al, 2008; Das et al, 2012; Li and Ahammed, 2023).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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MdbHLH162 connects the gibberellin and jasmonic acid signals to regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in apple

An,

Xu,

Wang

et al. 2024

JIPB

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Anthocyanins are secondary metabolites induced by environmental stimuli and developmental signals. The positive regulators of anthocyanin biosynthesis have been reported, whereas the anthocyanin repressors have been neglected. Although the signal transduction pathways of gibberellin (GA) and jasmonic acid (JA) and their regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis have been investigated, the cross‐talk between GA and JA and the antagonistic mechanism of regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis remain to be investigated. In this study, we identified the anthocyanin repressor MdbHLH162 in apple and revealed its molecular mechanism of regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis by integrating the GA and JA signals. MdbHLH162 exerted passive repression by interacting with MdbHLH3 and MdbHLH33, which are two recognized positive regulators of anthocyanin biosynthesis. MdbHLH162 negatively regulated anthocyanin biosynthesis by disrupting the formation of the anthocyanin‐activated MdMYB1‐MdbHLH3/33 complexes and weakening transcriptional activation of the anthocyanin biosynthetic genes MdDFR and MdUF3GT by MdbHLH3 and MdbHLH33. The GA repressor MdRGL2a antagonized MdbHLH162‐mediated inhibition of anthocyanins by sequestering MdbHLH162 from the MdbHLH162‐MdbHLH3/33 complex. The JA repressors MdJAZ1 and MdJAZ2 interfered with the antagonistic regulation of MdbHLH162 by MdRGL2a by titrating the formation of the MdRGL2a‐MdbHLH162 complex. Our findings reveal that MdbHLH162 integrates the GA and JA signals to negatively regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis. This study provides new information for discovering more anthocyanin biosynthesis repressors and explores the cross‐talk between hormone signals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hormones regulate almost every aspect of plant growth and development, including anthocyanin biosynthesis (An et al, 2020a; Li and Ahammed, 2023; Zhao et al, 2023). Among them, jasmonic acid (JA) plays a role in anthocyanin biosynthesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MdbHLH162 connects the gibberellin and jasmonic acid signals to regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in apple

An,

Xu,

Wang

et al. 2024

JIPB

Self Cite

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“…4 Anthocyanins, as a class of plant secondary metabolites, play a crucial role in plant growth and development, particularly in flower and fruit coloration. 5 They also serve as a response mechanism against both biotic and abiotic stressors. 6 In addition, these pigments hold significant benefits for human health, as they have been associated with the prevention of neurological and cardiovascular diseases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The difference of skin color between purple and yellow passion fruits was primarily attributed to the varying levels of anthocyanins . Anthocyanins, as a class of plant secondary metabolites, play a crucial role in plant growth and development, particularly in flower and fruit coloration . They also serve as a response mechanism against both biotic and abiotic stressors .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 224-bp Indel in the Promoter of PeMYB114 Accounts for Anthocyanin Accumulation of Skin in Passion Fruit (Passiflora spp.)

Fang,

Wang,

et al. 2024

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Passion fruit (Passif lora spp.) is an important fruit tree in the family Passifloraceae. The color of the fruit skin, a significant agricultural trait, is determined by the content of anthocyanin in passion fruit. However, the regulatory mechanisms behind the accumulation of anthocyanin in different passion fruit skin colors remain unclear. In the study, we identified and characterized a R2R3-MYB transcription factor, PeMYB114, which functions as a transcriptional activator in anthocyanin biosynthesis. Yeast one-hybrid system and dual-luciferase analysis showed that PeMYB114 could directly activate the expression of anthocyanin structural genes (PeCHS and PeDFR). Furthermore, a natural variation in the promoter region of PeMYB114 alters its expression. PeMYB114 purple accessions with the 224-bp insertion have a higher anthocyanin level than PeMYB114 yellow accessions with the 224-bp deletion. The findings enhance our understanding of anthocyanin accumulation in fruits and provide genetic resources for genome design for improving passion fruit quality.

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“…More recently, molecular engineering has enabled production of anthocyanins in non-anthocyanin plants [9]. Studies have also identified the involvement of epigenetic mechanisms in anthocyanin biosynthesis and degradation [10,11]. Some fruits naturally exhibit red pigmentation [12] and are therefore preferential models to study red colour biochemical and phenotypical expression.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Image analysis and polyphenol profiling unveil red-flesh apple phenotype complexity

Bouillon,

Fanciullino,

Belin

et al. 2024

Plant Methods

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Background The genetic basis of colour development in red-flesh apples (Malus domestica Borkh) has been widely characterised; however, current models do not explain the observed variations in red pigmentation intensity and distribution. Available methods to evaluate the red-flesh trait rely on the estimation of an average overall colour using a discrete class notation index. However, colour variations among red-flesh cultivars are continuous while development of red colour is non-homogeneous and genotype-dependent. A robust estimation of red-flesh colour intensity and distribution is essential to fully capture the diversity among genotypes and provide a basis to enable identification of loci influencing the red-flesh trait. Results In this study, we developed a multivariable approach to evaluate the red-flesh trait in apple. This method was implemented to study the phenotypic diversity in a segregating hybrid F1 family (91 genotypes). We developed a Python pipeline based on image and colour analysis to quantitatively dissect the red-flesh pigmentation from RGB (Red Green Blue) images and compared the efficiency of RGB and CIEL*a*b* colour spaces in discriminating genotypes previously classified with a visual notation. Chemical destructive methods, including targeted-metabolite analysis using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (UPLC-UV), were performed to quantify major phenolic compounds in fruits’ flesh, as well as pH and water contents. Multivariate analyses were performed to study covariations of biochemical factors in relation to colour expression in CIEL*a*b* colour space. Our results indicate that anthocyanin, flavonol and flavanol concentrations, as well as pH, are closely related to flesh pigmentation in apple. Conclustion Extraction of colour descriptors combined to chemical analyses helped in discriminating genotypes in relation to their flesh colour. These results suggest that the red-flesh trait in apple is a complex trait associated with several biochemical factors.

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Colorful hues: insight into the mechanisms of anthocyanin pigmentation in fruit

Cited by 19 publications

References 173 publications

MdbHLH162 connects the gibberellin and jasmonic acid signals to regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in apple

MdbHLH162 connects the gibberellin and jasmonic acid signals to regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in apple

A 224-bp Indel in the Promoter of PeMYB114 Accounts for Anthocyanin Accumulation of Skin in Passion Fruit (Passiflora spp.)

Image analysis and polyphenol profiling unveil red-flesh apple phenotype complexity

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