Colorectal neoplasm in cases of Clostridium septicum and Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus bacteraemia

Corredoira, Juan; Grau, Inmaculada; García-Rodríguez, José Francisco; García-Pais, María José; Rey, Ramón Rabuñal; Ardanuy, Carmen; Garcı́a-Garrote, Fernando; Coira, Amparo; Alonso, Marı́a Pilar; Boleij, Annemarie; Pallarés, Román

doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2017.02.009

Cited by 33 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Only rare bacteremia are attributed to C. septicum (1%) with high rate mortality (60%) [162]. The association of C. septicum with CRC has been suggested [163,164,165]. This association could be explained by the fact that the germination of C. septicus spore could be favored by the hypoxic and acidic tumor environment [163].…”

Section: Possible Mechanisms Of Action Of the Intestinal Microbiotmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiota, Inflammation and Colorectal Cancer

Lucas

Barnich

Nguyen

2017

IJMS

259

134

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Colorectal cancer, the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, is a multifactorial disease involving genetic, environmental and lifestyle risk factors. In addition, increased evidence has established a role for the intestinal microbiota in the development of colorectal cancer. Indeed, changes in the intestinal microbiota composition in colorectal cancer patients compared to control subjects have been reported. Several bacterial species have been shown to exhibit the pro-inflammatory and pro-carcinogenic properties, which could consequently have an impact on colorectal carcinogenesis. This review will summarize the current knowledge about the potential links between the intestinal microbiota and colorectal cancer, with a focus on the pro-carcinogenic properties of bacterial microbiota such as induction of inflammation, the biosynthesis of genotoxins that interfere with cell cycle regulation and the production of toxic metabolites. Finally, we will describe the potential therapeutic strategies based on intestinal microbiota manipulation for colorectal cancer treatment.

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Section: Possible Mechanisms Of Action Of the Intestinal Microbiotmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiota, Inflammation and Colorectal Cancer

Lucas

Barnich

Nguyen

2017

IJMS

259

134

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“…Surveillance of SGG bacteremia patients resulted in 57 new neoplasias (seven carcinomas and 23 advanced adenomas) in 232 patients (24.6%) with a mean follow-up of 41.8 months. In Clostridium septicum bacteremia patients, no new neoplasias were found with a mean follow-up of 37.4 months (Corredoira et al, 2017 ). Retrospective analysis of patients with a previous SB bacteremia revealed the detection of three CRCs and seven adenomas in 14 patient that underwent colonoscopy (72% detection rate) (McKenna et al, 2011 ) strongly supporting the association of SBSEC IE with gut pathologies.…”

Section: Clinical Infections and Host-immune Response Due To Sbsec Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Road to Infection: Host-Microbe Interactions Defining the Pathogenicity of Streptococcus bovis/Streptococcus equinus Complex Members

Jans¹,

Boleij²

2018

Front. Microbiol.

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The Streptococcus bovis/Streptococcus equinus complex (SBSEC) comprises several species inhabiting the animal and human gastrointestinal tract (GIT). They match the pathobiont description, are potential zoonotic agents and technological organisms in fermented foods. SBSEC members are associated with multiple diseases in humans and animals including ruminal acidosis, infective endocarditis (IE) and colorectal cancer (CRC). Therefore, this review aims to re-evaluate adhesion and colonization abilities of SBSEC members of animal, human and food origin paired with genomic and functional host-microbe interaction data on their road from colonization to infection. SBSEC seem to be a marginal population during GIT symbiosis that can proliferate as opportunistic pathogens. Risk factors for human colonization are considered living in rural areas and animal-feces contact. Niche adaptation plays a pivotal role where Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus (SGG) retained the ability to proliferate in various environments. Other SBSEC members have undergone genome reduction and niche-specific gene gain to yield important commensal, pathobiont and technological species. Selective colonization of CRC tissue is suggested for SGG, possibly related to increased adhesion to cancerous cell types featuring enhanced collagen IV accessibility. SGG can colonize, proliferate and may shape the tumor microenvironment to their benefit by tumor promotion upon initial neoplasia development. Bacteria cell surface structures including lipotheichoic acids, capsular polysaccharides and pilus loci (pil1, pil2, and pil3) govern adhesion. Only human blood-derived SGG contain complete pilus loci and other disease-associated surface proteins. Rumen or feces-derived SGG and other SBSEC members lack or harbor mutated pili. Pili also contribute to binding to fibrinogen upon invasion and translocation of cells from the GIT into the blood system, subsequent immune evasion, human contact system activation and collagen-I-binding on damaged heart valves. Only SGG carrying complete pilus loci seem to have highest IE potential in humans with significant links between SGG bacteremia/IE and underlying diseases including CRC. Other SBSEC host-microbe combinations might rely on currently unknown mechanisms. Comparative genome data of blood, commensal and food isolates are limited but required to elucidate the role of pili and other virulence factors, understand pathogenicity mechanisms, host specificity and estimate health risks for animals, humans and food alike.

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“…A recent comparison of colorectal neoplasms associated to Clostridium septicum (Cs) to Sgg showed several differences in clinical presentation, underlying conditions, prognosis and long-term follow-up ( Corredoira et al, 2017 ). Sgg positive cases were associated with advanced (52.3% vs. 5.2% for Cs ) and non-advanced adenomas (28.1% vs. 0% for Cs ) and the tumor was located mostly in the distal colon (65.6%) but also in the cecum/ascending colon (23.4%) and transverse colon (10.9%).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Significance of Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus Association With Colorectal Cancer

et al. 2018

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Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus Sgg (formerly known as S. bovis type I) is the main causative agent of septicemia and infective endocarditis (IE) in elderly and immunocompromised persons. It belongs to the few opportunistic bacteria, which have been strongly associated to colorectal cancer (CRC). A literature survey covering a period of 40 years (1970–2010) revealed that 65% of patients diagnosed with an invasive Sgg infection had a concomitant colorectal neoplasia. Sgg is associated mainly with early adenomas and may thus constitute an early marker for CRC screening. Sgg has been described as a normal inhabitant of the rumen of herbivores and in the digestive tract of birds. It is more rarely detected in human intestinal tract (2.5–15%). Recent molecular analyses indicate possible zoonotic transmission of Sgg. Thanks to the development of a genetic toolbox and to comparative genomics, a number of factors that are important for Sgg pathogenicity have been identified. This review will highlight the role of Sgg pili in host colonization and how their phase-variable expression contributes to mitigate the host immune responses and finally their use as serological diagnostic tool. We will then present experimental data addressing the core question whether Sgg is a cause or consequence of CRC. We will discuss a few recent studies examining the etiological versus non-etiological participation of Sgg in colorectal cancer with the underlying mechanisms.

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Colorectal neoplasm in cases of Clostridium septicum and Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus bacteraemia

Cited by 33 publications

References 42 publications

Microbiota, Inflammation and Colorectal Cancer

Microbiota, Inflammation and Colorectal Cancer

The Road to Infection: Host-Microbe Interactions Defining the Pathogenicity of Streptococcus bovis/Streptococcus equinus Complex Members

Significance of Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus Association With Colorectal Cancer

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