Colorectal carcinoma in children and adolescents

Mathey, Marina D; Pennella, Carla; Zubizarreta, Pedro

doi:10.5546/aap.2021.eng.e487

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…In terms of clinical treatment, no other studies on PCRC treatment have been reported worldwide, except for one prospective study on surgery and radiotherapy regimens ( 15 ). To date, no other studies on PCRC treatment have been reported, and the treatment of children is still mainly based on adult treatment guidelines ( 16 ). The main treatment modalities include surgery, adjuvant chemoradiotherapy and targeted therapy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathological complete response after neoadjuvant immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy in pediatric rectal carcinoma: A case report

et al. 2022

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BackgroundPediatric colorectal carcinoma (PCRC) is a rare non-embryonal tumor with an incidence of 0.1% to 1% of adults. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting programmed death-1 (PD-1) have shown significant efficacy in defective mismatch repair/Microsatellite instability-high (dMMR/MSI-H) metastatic CRC (mCRC). Although several studies have reported neoadjuvant immunotherapy (NIT) in MSI-H/dMMR non-mCRC patients, not all patients achieved pathological complete remission (pCR). There are differences between PCRC and adult colorectal carcinoma (CRC), and the role of NIT in PCRC remains to be further defined.Case presentationWe report the case of a 12-year-old child who was admitted to the hospital with abdominal pain and vomiting for more than 3 months. The child’s diagnosis was difficult and complex. He was initially diagnosed with intestinal obstruction, eventually diagnosed with a rare PCRC and identified as locally advanced colorectal cancer (LACRC) with genetic sequencing results showing MSI-H. After a thorough evaluation by clinicians, he received 4 cycles of Camrelizumab (anti-PD-1 antibody) + CapeOx (capecitabine and oxaliplatin) NIT combination chemotherapy. Repeat imaging and all tumor markers were unremarkable, and R0 resection was achieved. Postoperative pathology showed a tumor regression grade (TRG) of 0 grade determined as pCR. Postoperative review has not shown any recurrence or metastasis to date and the prognosis is good.ConclusionPCRC should improve the diagnostic efficiency to prevent misdiagnosis and miss the best time for treatment. NIT and or chemotherapy can be a reasonable and effective treatment option for dMMR/MSI-H locally advanced PCRC. Our report provides some support and evidence for neoadjuvant immunotherapy for locally advanced PCRC, while highlighting the importance of preoperative detection of microsatellite status for locally advanced PCRC.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathological complete response after neoadjuvant immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy in pediatric rectal carcinoma: A case report

et al. 2022

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“…As per global statistics, CRC is ranked third as the most prevalent type of malignancy and the fourth major contributor to deaths related to cancer worldwide (Baidoun et al, 2021). As is known to all, IBD is linked to the onset and progression of CRC (Mathey et al, 2021). Dysplasia, clonal proliferation, and malignant progression might all be caused by gut dysbacteriosis, which may also have dramatic effects on genetics and epigenetics (Eslami et al, 2019).…”

Section: Colorectal Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Lactobacillus reuteri in digestive system diseases: focus on clinical trials and mechanisms

Peng,

Ma,

Luo

et al. 2023

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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ObjectivesDigestive system diseases have evolved into a growing global burden without sufficient therapeutic measures. Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri) is considered as a new potential economical therapy for its probiotic effects in the gastrointestinal system. We have provided an overview of the researches supporting various L. reuteri strains’ application in treating common digestive system diseases, including infantile colic, diarrhea, constipation, functional abdominal pain, Helicobacter pylori infection, inflammatory bowel disease, diverticulitis, colorectal cancer and liver diseases.MethodsThe summarized literature in this review was derived from databases including PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar.ResultsThe therapeutic effects of L. reuteri in digestive system diseases may depend on various direct and indirect mechanisms, including metabolite production as well as modulation of the intestinal microbiome, preservation of the gut barrier function, and regulation of the host immune system. These actions are largely strain-specific and depend on the activation or inhibition of various certain signal pathways. It is well evidenced that L. reuteri can be effective both as a prophylactic measure and as a preferred therapy for infantile colic, and it can also be recommended as an adjuvant strategy to diarrhea, constipation, Helicobacter pylori infection in therapeutic settings. While preclinical studies have shown the probiotic potential of L. reuteri in the management of functional abdominal pain, inflammatory bowel disease, diverticulitis, colorectal cancer and liver diseases, its application in these disease settings still needs further study.ConclusionThis review focuses on the probiotic effects of L. reuteri on gut homeostasis via certain signaling pathways, and emphasizes the importance of these probiotics as a prospective treatment against several digestive system diseases.

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“…Currently, there are various screening methods for CRC, such as colonoscopy, fecal occult blood test, multitarget stool DNA test, and fecal immunochemical test [ 2 ]. Although early screening can improve the curability of CRC, it is necessary to improve the screening methods and accuracy of CRC because of its slow growth and easy to be confused with other cancers [ 3 , 4 ]. As a consequence, identification new markers of tumor metastasis are important for improving CRC diagnosis and prognosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer-Associated Fibroblast Risk Model for Prediction of Colorectal Carcinoma Prognosis and Therapeutic Responses

Wang

Chen

Zhao

et al. 2023

Mediators of Inflammation

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Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is a malignant tumor of the digestive system. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are important cellular elements in the tumor microenvironment of CRC, which contribute to CRC progression and immune escape. To predict the survival outcome and therapeutic responses of CRC patients, we identified genes connected with stromal CAF and generated a risk model. In this study, we used multiple algorithms to reveal CAF-related genes in the Gene Expression Omnibus and The Cancer Genome Atlas datasets and construct a risk model composed by prognostic CAF-associated genes. Then, we evaluated whether the risk score could predict CAF infiltrations and immunotherapy in CRC and confirmed the expression of the risk model in CAFs. Our results showed that CRC patients with high CAF infiltrations and stromal score had worse prognosis than those with low-CAF infiltrations and stromal score. We obtained 88 stromal CAF-associated hub-genes and generated a CAF risk model consisting of ZNF532 and COLEC12. Compared with low-risk group, the overall survival in high-risk group was shorter. The relationship between risk score, ZNF532 and COLEC12, and stromal CAF infiltrations and CAF markers was positive. In addition, the effect of immunotherapy in the high-risk group was not as good as that in the low-risk group. Patients with the high-risk group were enriched in chemokine signaling pathway, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, and focal adhesion. Finally, we confirmed that the expressions of ZNF532 and COLEC12 in risk model were widely distributed in fibroblasts of CRC, and the expression levels were higher in fibroblasts than CRC cells. In conclusion, the prognostic CAF signature of ZNF532 and COLEC12 can be applied not only to predict the prognosis of CRC patients but also to evaluate the immunotherapy response in CRC patients, and these findings provide the possibility for further development of individualized treatment for CRC.

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Colorectal carcinoma in children and adolescents

Cited by 6 publications

References 48 publications

Pathological complete response after neoadjuvant immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy in pediatric rectal carcinoma: A case report

Pathological complete response after neoadjuvant immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy in pediatric rectal carcinoma: A case report

Lactobacillus reuteri in digestive system diseases: focus on clinical trials and mechanisms

Cancer-Associated Fibroblast Risk Model for Prediction of Colorectal Carcinoma Prognosis and Therapeutic Responses

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