Colorectal Cancer in Saudi Arabia: The Way Forward

Elwali, Nasr Eldin; Jarrah, Omar; Al‐Zahrani, Saeed M.; Alharbi, Mohamed; Alhejaily, Abdulmohsen; Alsharm, Abdullah; Elhassan, Moawia Mohammed Ali

doi:10.31557/apjcp.2023.24.1.13

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…This region has also witnessed changes in diet and lifestyle patterns, obesity rate in this region is one of the highest in the World 28 . These changes might also have affected not only the incidence of pancreatic cancer but other types of gastrointestinal malignancies, including colorectal cancer 24 . Additionally, one previous study indicated that increasing trends in pancreatic cancer incidence in both sexes were correlated with socioeconomic development 30 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pancreatic Cancer in Saudi Arabia (2005-2020): Increasing Trend

Elwali,

AlShareef,

Elhassan

2024

Preprint

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Pancreatic cancer, a highly fatal malignancy, has shown a global rise in the incidence and mortality rates. However, these rates vary significantly across different regions worldwide. This study aims to assess the incidence and mortality of pancreatic cancer in Saudi Arabia. We collected the data from 16 annual cancer incidence reports in Saudi Arabia for the study period (2005–2020) and from the WHO's IARC Global Cancer Observatory website. Although the burden of pancreatic cancer in Saudi Arabia is relatively lower compared to global rates, the disease incidence has shown a steady increase over the study period, in addition to regional variations within the country. The disease predominantly affects the elderly population, aged 50 years and above in both genders, with males exhibiting higher rates than females. Further studies are required to identify the potential risk factors for pancreatic cancer in the Saudi population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Saudi Arabia, our study shows variation in pancreatic cancer incidence between males and females. Sex-related variations are common ndings in the incidence of many cancer types 24 , which may be attributed to a combination of factors that may include sex hormone differences and genetic and epigenetic factors 13 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pancreatic Cancer in Saudi Arabia (2005-2020): Increasing Trend

Elwali,

AlShareef,

Elhassan

2024

Preprint

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“…Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignancy in Saudi Arabia [ 1 , 2 ]. CRC has an age-standardized rate (ASR) of 13.9 per 100,000 in males and an ASR of 11.3 per 100,000 in females in the population of Saudi Arabia [ 3 ]. The mainstay of treatment choice for CRC is surgery [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Preoperative Serum Albumin Level on the Outcome of Colorectal Cancer Surgery

Alajmi,

Almehari,

Alzahrani

et al. 2024

Cureus

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Background Gastrointestinal malignancy surgeries are known to have a risk of postoperative complications. Preoperative nutritional status has been suggested as a potential predictor of postoperative outcomes, with low serum albumin levels utilized as a marker of malnutrition and increased risk of postoperative complications. This paper investigated the association between preoperative serum albumin levels and postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery. Methods This retrospective data-maintained study was based on all patients aged 18 years and above who underwent colorectal cancer surgery at King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia between 2015 and 2022. Results A total of 400 patients were included in the study. With an average age of 64.43 years. Males represented 254 (63%) of the patients, while females accounted for 146 (37%). Thirty percent of patients had hypoalbuminemia (i.e., albumin level below 35 g/L) before surgery. Among the sample, 112 (28%) experienced complications after surgery. The mean albumin level for patients who experienced postoperative complications was 30.46 g/L while patients without complications had a normal albumin level. As for the length of hospital stay, it was eight days for patients with a normal albumin level and 23 days for hypoalbuminemia patients. Conclusion In conclusion, preoperative hypoalbuminemia is associated with poor patient outcomes and can be utilized as a prognostic marker for patients in need of colorectal cancer surgery.

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“…In Saudi Arabia, colorectal cancer tends to present among young, aged individuals, mainly females and is a major burden on healthcare facilities. The mucinous colorectal cancer histological subtype of adenocarcinoma tends to represent approximately 10-15% of all colorectal carcinoma and is characterized by the predominant histological pattern of extracellular mucin [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mucinous Differentiation in Colorectal Cancer: A 10-Year Experience Audit at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Jeddah

Alshehri,

Alsulaimani,

Alghamdi

et al. 2024

Cureus

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Given that colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality, mucinous adenocarcinoma is one of the subtypes and is characterized by the presence of mucin-producing tumor cells with mucin components and is more challenging to manage. In Saudi Arabia, it represents approximately 10-15% of all colorectal carcinoma. The main etiological cause of mucinous adenocarcinoma is yet not well understood. The main goal of our study is to discuss the histopathology and the molecular background of mucinous colorectal adenocarcinoma and also to provide an update on its prognosis and therapeutics from recent published literature. It is a retrospective cohort study that was conducted at King Faisal Specialist Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The study included 68 adult patients diagnosed with mucinous colon cancer, who did surgical resection alone or with or without adjuvant chemotherapy following from January 2011 to December 2020. The mucinous subtypes are found more commonly in the proximal colon. In our study, 26 patients (38.2% of the cases) were right-sided and 35 patients (51.5%) were from the left side, but these included the rectum as well and this reflects the higher incidence of diagnosis of rectal cancer in the region. Most tumors were classified as Grade II in 56 patients (82.4%), consistent with the intermediate differentiation status often associated with the mucinous subtypes. The most common symptom at presentation was abdominal pain in 38 patients (55.9%) followed by per rectal bleeding and abdominal mass. The management in our study was in line with the standard established practice and surgical resection as expected was the primary potentially curative approach. Notably of patients presenting with locally advanced rectal cancer, six patients underwent concomitant chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery and four patients had upfront surgery. The duration of the median follow-up was 32 months. At the time of analysis, 30 patients (44.1%) were alive and remained on regular follow-up, 17 patients (25%) had succumbed to the disease, and 21 patients (30.9%) were lost to follow-up. The median overall survival was not reached, and notably, 49 patients (71.6%) remained alive at the four-year mark. Whilst our study contributes to the current understanding of mucinous adenocarcinomas of the colon, further research in molecular profiling and genomic testing and larger clinical trials with tailored treatments is necessary to refine treatment strategies and improve outcomes.

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Colorectal Cancer in Saudi Arabia: The Way Forward

Cited by 13 publications

References 30 publications

Pancreatic Cancer in Saudi Arabia (2005-2020): Increasing Trend

Pancreatic Cancer in Saudi Arabia (2005-2020): Increasing Trend

Impact of Preoperative Serum Albumin Level on the Outcome of Colorectal Cancer Surgery

Mucinous Differentiation in Colorectal Cancer: A 10-Year Experience Audit at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Jeddah

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