Colorectal Cancer Immunotherapy: State of the Art and Future Directions

Cornista, Alyssa Mauri; Giolito, Maria Virginia; Baker, Kristi; Hazime, Hajar; Dufait, Inès; Datta, Jashodeep; Khumukcham, Saratchandra Singh; De Ridder, Mark; Roper, Jatin; Abreu, Maria T.; Breckpot, Karine; Van der Jeught, Kevin

doi:10.1016/j.gastha.2023.09.007

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 182 publications

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“…In the case of dMMR/MSI-H CRCs, there is heightened immunogenicity, leading to a significantly increased number of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T lymphocytes (TILs) and a good prognosis [ 68 , 69 ]. Several immune-triggering antigens, such as mutated Caspase-5, TGFβIIR, or CDX2 have been identified in MSI-H CRCs [ 70 ]. Moreover, MSI-H results in the upregulation of immune checkpoint proteins (like PD-1 and PD-L1), facilitating immune evasion via tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, rather than tumor cells [ 71 ].…”

Section: Immune Response In Crcmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Current and Future Trends of Colorectal Cancer Treatment: Exploring Advances in Immunotherapy

Nikolouzakis,

Chrysos,

Docea

et al. 2024

Cancers

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Cancer of the colon and rectum (CRC) has been identified among the three most prevalent types of cancer and cancer-related deaths for both sexes. Even though significant progress in surgical and chemotherapeutic techniques has markedly improved disease-free and overall survival rates in contrast to those three decades ago, recent years have seen a stagnation in these improvements. This underscores the need for new therapies aiming to augment patient outcomes. A number of emerging strategies, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and adoptive cell therapy (ACT), have exhibited promising outcomes not only in preclinical but also in clinical settings. Additionally, a thorough appreciation of the underlying biology has expanded the scope of research into potential therapeutic interventions. For instance, the pivotal role of altered telomere length in early CRC carcinogenesis, leading to chromosomal instability and telomere dysfunction, presents a promising avenue for future treatments. Thus, this review explores the advancements in CRC immunotherapy and telomere-targeted therapies, examining potential synergies and how these novel treatment modalities intersect to potentially enhance each other’s efficacy, paving the way for promising future therapeutic advancements.

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Section: Immune Response In Crcmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It could be argued that moDCs may have an inherently suboptimal ability to provoke T-cell responses [ 161 ]. Unfortunately, ex vivo DC differentiation and manipulation is time-consuming and expensive, while also available in very few laboratories [ 70 ].…”

Section: Anti-tumor Vaccine Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Current and Future Trends of Colorectal Cancer Treatment: Exploring Advances in Immunotherapy

Nikolouzakis,

Chrysos,

Docea

et al. 2024

Cancers

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“…Early screenings and improvements in treatment have fortunately contributed to a decrease in the incidence and mortality of CRC. A recent study, however, has found a shift in the incidence of CRC, with more cases diagnosed in younger patients (i.e., under 50 years of age) and those with more advanced stages of the disease ( 4 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Redefining the battle against colorectal cancer: a comprehensive review of emerging immunotherapies and their clinical efficacy

Shebbo,

Binothman,

Darwaish

et al. 2024

Front. Immunol.

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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer globally and presents a significant challenge owing to its high mortality rate and the limitations of traditional treatment options such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. While these treatments are foundational, they are often poorly effective owing to tumor resistance. Immunotherapy is a groundbreaking alternative that has recently emerged and offers new hope for success by exploiting the body’s own immune system. This article aims to provide an extensive review of clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of various immunotherapies, including CRC vaccines, chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapies, and immune checkpoint inhibitors. We also discuss combining CRC vaccines with monoclonal antibodies, delve into preclinical studies of novel cancer vaccines, and assess the impact of these treatment methods on patient outcomes. This review seeks to provide a deeper understanding of the current state of CRC treatment by evaluating innovative treatments and their potential to redefine the prognosis of patients with CRC.

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