Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology 2000
DOI: 10.1002/0471238961.0315121513011813.a01
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Colorants for Foods, Drugs, Cosmetics, and Medical Devices

Abstract: This article includes a brief history of the use of colorants in foods, drugs, cosmetics, and medical devices, and the development of legislation in the United States to control them. It describes where and why colorants are used, lists all those currently in use, identifies each as either needing certification or not, and describes the chemical and physical properties, method of manufacture, chemical structure, chemical classification, and uses of each. Individual and general restrictions relating to the use … Show more

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Cited by 42 publications
(60 citation statements)
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“…Fresh beetroot juice had the highest content of pigments (as betanin: 47-50 mg/100 ml) and tomatoes the lowest content (as lycopene: 0.9±0.2 mg/100 ml). The average amounts of pigments reported in literature are 40-120 mg betalains/100 g fresh weight of beetroot (Marmion 1991) and 4-9 mg lycopene/100 g of tomatoes (Laleye et al 2010). The pigment contents of the other juices were also within reported regional variations, which can be attributed to various factors.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Fresh beetroot juice had the highest content of pigments (as betanin: 47-50 mg/100 ml) and tomatoes the lowest content (as lycopene: 0.9±0.2 mg/100 ml). The average amounts of pigments reported in literature are 40-120 mg betalains/100 g fresh weight of beetroot (Marmion 1991) and 4-9 mg lycopene/100 g of tomatoes (Laleye et al 2010). The pigment contents of the other juices were also within reported regional variations, which can be attributed to various factors.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…1 Every year, thousands tons of such dyes are consumed in food, paper, leather, and textile industries. 2,3 From these industries, large volumes of dyes are released to environment and find their way to water and soil.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Synthetic dyes are widely used in several industries such as textile, paper, printing, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, color photographyand as an additive in petroleum industry [1][2][3]. Dyes are classified either on the basis of its structural characteristics, dyeing process or application [4].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%