“…This opens up a large range of possibilities for future experiments testing the visual abilities or reef fish, similar to what has been done with goldfish (Neumeyer, 1984;Neumeyer et al, 1991;Neumeyer, 1992). Such associative learning had not been described in marine fish before but has been used to test colour vision in a range of other animals, including insects (Shafir, 1996;Nakamura and Yamashita, 2000;Hempel de Ibarra et al, 2001;Lehrer and Campan, 2004), freshwater fish (Schiemenz, 1924;Neumeyer, 1984;Ohnishi, 1991;Neumeyer, 1992), crustaceans (Marshall et al, 1996), birds (Peiponen, 1992;Swaddle and Johnson, 2007), marsupials (Hemmi, 1999) and primates (Pessoa et al, 2003;Pessoa et al, 2005a;Pessoa et al, 2005b). So it is perhaps not surprising that reef fish also showed the ability for associative learning.…”