Color vision changes in normal aging

Barbur, John L.; Rodriguez‐Carmona, Marisa

doi:10.1017/cbo9781107337930.009

Cited by 29 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Selective age-related decreases in discrimination for tritan stimuli can also be seen in more recent data sets using the Cambridge Colour Test [40–42] and the Colour Assessment and Diagnosis Test [43]. Elevations in chromatic thresholds on a tritan line that exceed the age-related elevations along deutan or protan directions in color space are often reported, as shown in Fig.…”

Section: Aging Considered As An Acquired Tritan Deficiencymentioning

confidence: 63%

The Verriest Lecture: Short-wave-sensitive cone pathways across the life span

Werner

2016

J. Opt. Soc. Am. A

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Structurally and functionally, the short-wave-sensitive (S) cone pathways are thought to decline more rapidly with normal aging than the middle- and long-wave-sensitive cone pathways. This would explain the celebrated results by Verriest and others demonstrating that the largest age-related color discrimination losses occur for stimuli on a tritan axis. Here, we challenge convention, arguing from psychophysical data that selective S-cone pathway losses do not cause declines in color discrimination. We show substantial declines in chromatic detection and discrimination, as well as in temporal and spatial vision tasks, that are mediated by S-cone pathways. These functional losses are not, however, unique to S-cone pathways. Finally, despite reduced photon capture by S cones, their postreceptoral pathways provide robust signals for the visual system to renormalize itself to maintain nearly stable color perception across the life span.

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Section: Aging Considered As An Acquired Tritan Deficiencymentioning

confidence: 63%

The Verriest Lecture: Short-wave-sensitive cone pathways across the life span

Werner

2016

J. Opt. Soc. Am. A

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“…Pupil diameter will also have influenced retinal illuminance, however, the background illuminance of the CAD test is designed such that RG and YB thresholds are on a plateau where an increase or decrease in retinal illuminance of less than fourfold will have minimal effect on measured thresholds. 25 An additional issue relates to a modest amount of refractive blur, amounting to 0.75 diopters (D), induced by testing at 1.4 m. However, the colored target does not have recognizable spatial features and subtends 30 minutes arc, corresponding to a required visual acuity of 6/180. For these reasons, the impact of refractive blur and pupillary dilation on the threshold measured is likely to have been minimal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It corresponds to~0.4% L and 0.8% M cone contrasts. 25 The participant was instructed to press the button on a handheld keypad that corresponded with the perceived direction of movement of the stimulus. Once a firm understanding of test requirements had been demonstrated (100% correct response rate in a training program) the participant progressed onto the full threshold measurement program.…”

Section: Chromatic Sensitivity Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Evaluation of a Battery of Functional and Structural Tests as Predictors of Likely Risk of Progression of Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Robinson

Margrain

Bailey

et al. 2019

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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PURPOSE. To evaluate the ability of visual function and structural tests to identify the likely risk of progression from early/intermediate to advanced AMD, using the Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) simplified scale as a surrogate for risk of progression. The secondary aim was to determine the relationship between disease severity grade and the observed functional and structural deficits. METHODS.A total of 100 participants whose AMD status varied from early to advanced were recruited. Visual function was assessed using cone dark adaptation, 14 Hz flicker and chromatic threshold tests and retinal structure was assessed by measuring drusen volume and macular thickness. The predictive value of the tests was estimated using ordinal regression analysis. Group comparisons were assessed using analysis of covariance. RESULTS.Change in cone dark adaptation (cone s) and yellow-blue (YB) chromatic sensitivity were independent predictors for AMD progression risk (cone s, pseudo R 2 ¼ 0.35, P < 0.001; YB chromatic threshold, pseudo R 2 ¼ 0.16, P < 0.001). The only structural predictor was foveal thickness (R 2 ¼ 0.05, P ¼ 0.047). Chromatic sensitivity and cone dark adaptation were also the best functional tests at distinguishing between severity groups. Drusen characteristics clearly differentiated between participants with early and advanced disease, but were not able to differentiate between those with early AMD and controls. Mean differences in retinal thickness existed between severity groups at the foveal (P ¼ 0.040) and inner (P ¼ 0.001) subfields.CONCLUSIONS. This study indicates that cone s, YB chromatic threshold and foveal thickness are independent predictors of likely risk of AMD progression.

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“…37 This category includes only normal trichromats with RG colour thresholds below the mean value for the corresponding age. Only 50% of subjects with normal trichromatic CV can be included in this 'supernormal' category which may be useful when extremely demanding colour-related tasks are involved, particularly the naming of diffraction-limited signal lights under conditions of poor visibility.…”

Section: 'Poor' Rg CV (Cv4)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This categorization can easily be established by examining the mean threshold limits that describe normal YB CV as a function of age. 37 RG dichromats tend to fall into this category because in general they have slightly smaller YB thresholds for the reasons discussed above.…”

Section: Grading Categories For Yb CVmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colour vision requirements in visually demanding occupations

Barbur¹,

Rodriguez‐Carmona²

2017

British Medical Bulletin

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Normal trichromatic colour vision (CV) is often required as a condition for employment in visually demanding occupations. If accurate CV tests were available Q2 to enforce this requirement, a significant percentage of subjects with anomalous, congenital trichromacy who can perform the suprathreshold, colour-related tasks encountered in many occupations with the same accuracy as normal trichromats would fail. These applicants would therefore be discriminated against unfairly. One solution to this problem is to produce minimum, justifiable CV requirements that are specific to each occupation. This has been done successfully for commercial aviation (i.e. the flight crew) and for Transport for London train drivers. An alternative approach is to make use of new findings and the statistical outcomes of past practices to produce graded, justifiable CV categories that can be enforced. To achieve this aim, we analysed colour assessment outcomes and quantified severity of CV loss in 1363 subjects. The severity of CV loss was measured in each subject and statistical, pass/fail outcomes established for each of the most commonly used, conventional colour assessment tests and protocols. This evidence and new findings that relate severity of loss to the effective use of colour signals in a number of tasks provide the basis for a new colour grading system based on six categories. A single colour assessment test is needed to establish the applicant's CV category which can range from 'supernormal', for the most stringent, colour-demanding tasks, to 'severe colour deficiency', when red/ green CV is either absent or extremely weak.

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Color vision changes in normal aging

Cited by 29 publications

References 50 publications

The Verriest Lecture: Short-wave-sensitive cone pathways across the life span

The Verriest Lecture: Short-wave-sensitive cone pathways across the life span

An Evaluation of a Battery of Functional and Structural Tests as Predictors of Likely Risk of Progression of Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Colour vision requirements in visually demanding occupations

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