Color Reaction of Anthrone with Monosaccharide Mixtures and Oligo- and Polysaccharides Containing Hexuronic Acids

Helbert, J.; Brown, Keith

doi:10.1021/ac60130a020

Cited by 38 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…Above 7O"C, however, all aged hydrocolloid-anthrone mixtures showed an increase in color density. Up to 24-48 hr of aging this was particularly outstanding with pectin and sodium alginate and is in agreement with previous findings (Helbert andBrown, 1956, 1957).…”

Section: And Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Influence of added inorganic salts and other excipients on the intensity of the color produced by carrageenan (Seakem type 5) in the anthrone reaction. (Helbert and Brown, 1961) . Some relationship was found between the heating period and aging and between the heating temperature and aging and their influence on color intensity.…”

Section: And Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anthrone in sulfuric acid has been used widely for the determination of carbohydrates of various sorts (Morris, 1948;Helbert and Brown, 1957;Haas and Fleichmann, 1958;Richards, 1959;Shields and I Burnett, 1960). However, as a distinct class, the food gums, particularly many of the natural plant hydrocolloids, have not been investigated in detail.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimum Conditions for the Interaction of Food Gums with the Anthrone Reagent

Graham

Mitchell

1963

Journal of Food Science

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SUMMARY Optimum conditions for the reaction of food gums with the anthrone reagent vary from one gum to another. The sulfated, carboxylic acid type and mixed polysaccharides produced colors with absorption maxima at 620 mμ. The uranic acid type of polysaccharides, pectin and sodium alginate (Kelco Gel HV), produced colors exhibiting absorption maxima at 520 mμ. In all cases, color intensity increased with increasing temperature. The heating time necessary for maximum color development at 99°C varied from 4 to 10‐min, depending on the hydrocolloid in question. With pectin and sodium alginate, although color intensity increased with heating time at 99°C, no definite heating time for maximum color development was observed up to 60 min. In most cases, aging led to a rapid decrease in color intensity, except for pectin and sodium alginate, in which cases color intensity increased.

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Section: And Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: And Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimum Conditions for the Interaction of Food Gums with the Anthrone Reagent

Graham

Mitchell

1963

Journal of Food Science

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“…Methylene blue complexation method . v. Rhamnolipid estimation using Anthrone reagent (Helbert and Brown, 1957). vi.…”

Section: Methods For Rhamnolipid Detection and Quantificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quorum sensing: implications on Rhamnolipid biosurfactant production

Dusane

Zinjarde

Venugopalan

et al. 2010

Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Reviews

137

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Quorum sensing (QS) has received significant attention in the past few decades. QS describes population density dependent cell to cell communication in bacteria using diffusible signal molecules. These signal molecules produced by bacterial cells, regulate various physiological processes important for social behavior and pathogenesis. One such process regulated by quorum sensing molecules is the production of a biosurfactant, rhamnolipid. Rhamnolipids are important microbially derived surface active agents produced by Pseudomonas spp. under the control of two interrelated quorum sensing systems; namely las and rhl. Rhamnolipids possess antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral properties. They are important in motility, cell to cell interactions, cellular differentiation and formation of water channels that Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Reviews -Vol. 27, 159-184 (2010) Quorum sensing (QS) has received significant attention in the past few decades. QS describes population density dependent cell to cell communication in bacteria using diffusible signal molecules. These signal molecules produced by bacterial cells, regulate various physiological processes important for social behavior and pathogenesis. One such process regulated by quorum sensing molecules is the production of a biosurfactant, rhamnolipid Rhamnolipids are important microbially derived surface active agents produced by Pseudomonas spp. under the control of two interrelated quorum sensing systems; namely las and rhl Rhamnolipids possess antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral properties. They are important in motility, cell to cell interactions, cellular differentiation and formation of water channels that *To whom correspondence may be addressed (p.rahman@tees.ac.uk) Abbreviations: QS: quorum sensing; AI: autoinducer; HSL: homoserine lactone; AHL: acyl homoserine lactone; PQS: pseudomonas quinolone signal; sRNA: small ribonucleic acid; RL: rhamnolipid; HAA: 3-(3-hydroxyalkanoyloxy) alkanoic acid; CTAB: cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide; TLC: thin layer chromatography; GC: gas chromatography; MS: mass spectroscopy; FTIR: fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; ATR: attenuated total reflectance; NMR: nuclear magnetic resonance; SDS: sodium dodecyl sulfate; CMC: critical micelle concentration; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; TMV: tobacco mosaic virus; PAT: pseudomonas autoinducer; FAD: flavin adenine dinucleotide; NAD: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; TDP: thiamine di-phosphate; mN/m-milli-Newton per meter 160 D.H. Dusane et al. are characteristics of Pseudomonas biofilms. Rhamnolipids have biotechnological applications in the uptake of hydrophobic substrates, bioremediation of contaminated soils and polluted waters. Rhamnolipid biosurfactants are biodegradable as compared to chemical surfactants and hence are more preferred in environmental applications. In this review, we examine the biochemical and genetic mechanism of rhamnolipid production by P. aeruginosa and propose the application of QS signal molecules in enhancing the rhamnoli...

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“…Enough 5N NaOH was added to give a final concentration of 0.5N and the mixture was treated as shown in the outline. The carrageenan content of filtrate III was determined on a suitable aliquot by the anthrone-thiourea method (Graham, 1965) or by the barium chloride procedure (Hansen and Whitney, 1960 Brown, 1957Brown, , 1961. Prior to analysis of any of cust bean gum (neutral polysaccharide) ; any prethe fractions, it was shaken with 5 g of mercuric cipitate on the filter paper was returned to the chloride and filtered, and the filtrate was used for centrifuge tube.…”

Section: Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Aspects of the Interaction of Carrageenan and Other Hydrocolloids with Polyvalent Cobalt Complexes

Graham

Williams

1966

Journal of Food Science

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SUMMARYCarrageenan, other sulfated polysaccharides, and carboxylic acid polysaccharides react with hexol nitrate, hexamine cobaltic chloride, and tris‐(ethylenediamine) ‐cobalt III chloride in aqueous solution to give precipitates which exhibit differential solubilities in solutions of simple salts. The turbidity (optical density) produced when the hydrocolloids are mixed with these cobalt complexes is proportional to the amount of hydrocolloid present. Salts inhibit the reaction, and, generally, the order of inhibition is: monovalent cations < divalent cations < trivalent cations.The temperature and pH of the reaction medium greatly influence the final turbidity developed. Generally, the complexes formed through the reaction of the sulfated polysaccharides and the cobalt complexes are less readily dissolved by solutions of simple salts than those formed by the carboxylic polysaccharides and the cobalt complexes. Neutral polysaccharides are not precipitated by the cobalt complexes, hence three component systems containing a sulfated, a carboxylic, and a neutral polysaccharide can be resolved and the individual components determined quantitatively. Good resolution was obtained with a mixture such as carrageenan (sulfated) plus algin (carboxylic) plus locust bean gum (neutral).Quantitative assay of those polysaccharides which form precipitates (turbidity) with the complexes can be done either by measuring the turbidity developed or by determining spectrophotometrically the amount of cobalt complex cation bound. These colored complexes have sharp absorption maxima: hexol nitrate, max = 490 mμ; hexaminecobalt chloride, max = 475 mμ; and tris‐(ethylenediamine)‐cobalt III chloride, max = 470 mμ.

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Color Reaction of Anthrone with Monosaccharide Mixtures and Oligo- and Polysaccharides Containing Hexuronic Acids

Cited by 38 publications

References 2 publications

Optimum Conditions for the Interaction of Food Gums with the Anthrone Reagent

Optimum Conditions for the Interaction of Food Gums with the Anthrone Reagent

Quorum sensing: implications on Rhamnolipid biosurfactant production

Quantitative Aspects of the Interaction of Carrageenan and Other Hydrocolloids with Polyvalent Cobalt Complexes

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