Color Preferences in Imprinting Objects<sup>1</sup>

Schaefer, Halmuth H.; Hess, Eckhard H.

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1959.tb02051.x

Cited by 76 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…They started to explore more the unfamiliar stimulus (blue stimulus). Since we know that chicks mainly rely on colour to recognize their artificial imprinting objects (Maekawa et al, 2006), this difference confirms previous reports of an advantage of blue over green imprinting stimuli (Kovach, 1971;Salzen et al, 1971;Schaefer & Hess, 2010). In contrast, after 3 days of imprinting, chicks of both conditions had a robust and stable preference for their imprinting objects.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Some colours are more effective than others in imprinting (Bolhuis, 1991). Although the effect of the contrast between a colour and its background has not been clarified yet, red, orange and blue appear to elicit stronger responses than green and yellow (Ham & Osorio, 2007;Kovach, 1971;Salzen, Lily, & McKeown, 1971;Schaefer & Hess, 2010). Therefore, red and blue can be considered as "predisposed" imprinting stimuli.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stability and individual variability of social attachment in imprinting

Lemaire

Rucco

Josserand

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Filial imprinting has become a model for understanding memory, learning and social behaviour in neonate animals. This fast attachment mechanism allows the young of precocial bird species to learn the characteristics of conspicuous visual stimuli and display affiliative response to them. Although more prolonged exposure to an object produces a stronger preference for it afterwards, this relation is not linear. Chicks can even prefer to approach novel rather than familiar objects at some stages of imprinting. The time course and stability of imprinting has just started to be investigated. To date, little is known about how filial preferences develop across time, due to the challenges in assessing individual performance. This study aimed to investigate filial preferences for familiar and novel imprinting objects over time. We have used an automated setup to track the behaviour of chicks continuously for subsequent days. After hatching, chicks were individually placed in an arena where stimuli were displayed on two opposite screens. The duration of exposure and the type of stimuli were manipulated while the time spent at the imprinting stimulus was monitored across six days. We showed that prolonged exposure (3 days vs 1 day) to a stimulus produced robust filial imprinting preferences. Interestingly, with a shorter exposure (1 day), animals re-evaluated their filial preferences in functions of their innate preferences and past experiences. Our study suggests that predispositions influence learning when the imprinting memories are not fully consolidated, driving animal preferences toward more predisposed stimuli.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability and individual variability of social attachment in imprinting

Lemaire

Rucco

Josserand

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Over the 1960s and the 1970s, researches have also invested quite some time to investigate unlearned colour preferences in imprinting (e.g., Goodwin and Hess, 1969;Gray, 1961;Kovach, 1971;Schaefer and Hess, 1959;Smith and Bird, 1964). A frequent finding in domestic chicks is a preference for red stimuli over yellow or green ones (Bateson, 1983;Bateson and Jaeckel, 1976;Kovach, 1971;Salzen et al, 1971).…”

Section: Visual Predispositions For Colours Shapes and Configurationsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Roots of a social brain: Developmental models of emerging animacy-detection mechanisms

Rosa‐Salva

Mayer

Vallortígara

2015

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

110

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“…In different species we observe spontaneous preferences for specific colours [4–7], shapes and sizes [6,8,9], configurations [10], dynamics [11,12], and odours [13–16]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Naïve Chicks Prefer Hollow Objects

et al. 2016

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Biological predispositions influence approach and avoid responses from the time of birth or hatching. Neonates of species that require parental care (e.g. human babies and chicks of the domestic fowl) are attracted by stimuli associated with animate social partners, such as face-like configurations, biological motion and self-propulsion. The property of being filled is used as a cue of animacy by 8-month-old human infants but it is not known whether this reflects the effect of previous experience. We used chicks of the domestic fowl (Gallus gallus) to investigate whether the property of being filled vs. hollow elicits spontaneous or learned preferences. To this aim we tested preferences of naïve and imprinted chicks for hollow and closed cylinders. Contrary to our expectations, we documented an unlearned attraction for hollow stimuli. The preference for hollow stimuli decreased when chicks were imprinted on filled stimuli but did not increase when chicks were imprinted on hollow stimuli, suggesting that hollowness is not crucial to determine affiliative responses for imprinting objects. When chicks were imprinted on occluded stimuli that could be either filled or hollow, the preference for hollow stimuli emerged again, showing that imprinting does not disrupt the spontaneous preference for hollow objects. Further experiments revealed that hollow objects were mainly attractive by means of depth cues such as darker innards, more than as places to hide or as objects with high contrast. Our findings point to predisposed preferences for hollow objects, and suggest that early predispositions might be driven by factors different from animacy cues.

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Color Preferences in Imprinting Objects¹

Cited by 76 publications

References 10 publications

Stability and individual variability of social attachment in imprinting

Stability and individual variability of social attachment in imprinting

Roots of a social brain: Developmental models of emerging animacy-detection mechanisms

Naïve Chicks Prefer Hollow Objects

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Color Preferences in Imprinting Objects1

Cited by 76 publications

References 10 publications

Stability and individual variability of social attachment in imprinting

Stability and individual variability of social attachment in imprinting

Roots of a social brain: Developmental models of emerging animacy-detection mechanisms

Naïve Chicks Prefer Hollow Objects

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Color Preferences in Imprinting Objects¹