Color Metallography

Voort, George F. Vander

doi:10.31399/asm.hb.v09.a0003752

Cited by 76 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The cross-sections followed the standard metallography procedure for Cu. Then the electropolishing used a Struers LectroPol 5 (Struers Inc., Champigny-sur-Marne, France) with a D1 commercial solution for 12 s [ 23 ]. The samples are referred to as PCu-i and C-i, followed by the laser power (i) used in the fusion for pure and coated samples, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Sacrificial Graphite-like Coating to Improve Fusion Efficiency of Copper in Selective Laser Melting

Crespi

Nordet²,

Peyre³

et al. 2023

Materials

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Thin and ultrathin carbon films reduce the laser energy required for copper powder fusion in selective laser melting (SLM). The low absorption of infrared (IR) radiation and its excellent thermal conductivity leads to an intricate combination of processing parameters to obtain high-quality printed parts in SLM. Two carbon-based sacrificial thin films were deposited onto copper to facilitate light absorption into the copper substrates. Graphite-like (3.5 µm) and ultra-thin (25 nm) amorphous carbon films were deposited by aerosol spraying and direct current magnetron sputtering, respectively. The melting was analyzed for several IR (1.06 µm) laser powers in order to observe the coating influence on the energy absorption. Scanning electron microscopy showed the topography and cross-section of the thermally affected area, electron backscatter diffraction provided the surface chemical composition of the films, and glow-discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GDOES) allowed the tracking of the in-deep chemical composition of the 3D printed parts using carbon film-covered copper. Ultra-thin films of a few tens of nanometers could reduce fusion energy by about 40%, enhanced by interferences phenomena. Despite the lower energy required, the melting maintained good quality and high wettability when using top carbon coatings. A copper part was SLM printed and associated with 25 nm of carbon deposition between two copper layers. The chemical composition analysis demonstrated that the carbon was intrinsically removed during the fusion process, preserving the high purity of the copper part.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Sacrificial Graphite-like Coating to Improve Fusion Efficiency of Copper in Selective Laser Melting

Crespi

Nordet²,

Peyre³

et al. 2023

Materials

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“…The carbide formed in the samples was investigated using Murakami's reagent (100 mL water, 10 g NaOH and 10 g K3Fe(CN)6, at 80℃ for 30 s). The carbide color (M23C6, M7C3, and M6C) was distinguished by OM and SEM [20]. The hardness of each phase in the microstructure was measured by a Micro-Vickers hardness tester (Digital auto turret, Model 402MVD) with test force of 200 gf.…”

Section: Materials Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The high temperature degradation of ferritic stainless steel in solid carbon atmospheres

et al. 2023

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Stainless steel is widely used for many components and parts in coal-fired thermal power plants. AISI 430 ferritic stainless steel (FSS) is one common grade to combat the degradation at high temperatures in coal combustion atmospheres containing flue gas, coal ash, and soot (impure solid carbon particles). However, the effect of the solid carbon particles on the degradation of FSS needs to be clarified. Graphite powder was used to simulate solid carbon atmospheres for investigating the degradation of AISI 430 at high temperatures of 1150℃ to 1350℃ in coal-fired boilers. After the carbothermic reduction, the mass gain of a pre-oxidized sample at 750℃ was approximately 0.0793 mg⸳cm-2 and increased when increasing the reduction temperature. The peak of Fe2O3 and Cr7C3 were detected by X˗ray diffraction (XRD) after the oxidation and reduction test, respectively. Besides, the degree of sensitivity (%DoS) of the samples was measured by double loop electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation (DL-EPR) technique and increased around 30 times after heating the pre-oxidized sample to 1150℃.

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“… 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 This is because during austenitisation and tempering, phosphorus and other trace solute atoms segregate to the grain boundaries. 11 , 12 Wetting agents or surface‐active agents (surfactants) are added to etchants to improve grain boundary delineation in steels acting on the etching speed or selectivity modification. 7 Sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) has been used as a wetting agent in previous studies, showing good results with low and medium carbon steels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new approach to etching low‐carbon microalloyed steels to reveal prior austenite grain boundaries and the dual‐phase microstructure

Rodriguez-Galeano

Romano-Acosta

Palmiere

et al. 2022

Journal of Microscopy

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Color Metallography

Cited by 76 publications

References 23 publications

The Use of Sacrificial Graphite-like Coating to Improve Fusion Efficiency of Copper in Selective Laser Melting

The Use of Sacrificial Graphite-like Coating to Improve Fusion Efficiency of Copper in Selective Laser Melting

The high temperature degradation of ferritic stainless steel in solid carbon atmospheres

A new approach to etching low‐carbon microalloyed steels to reveal prior austenite grain boundaries and the dual‐phase microstructure

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