Color Logic of Apparent Motion

Kolers, Paul Α.; Green, Marc

doi:10.1068/p130249

Cited by 43 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Importantly, for these stimuli, the percept of motion was unlikely to depend on whether the target and mask had the same or different colors. Kolers and Green (1984) found no difference in motion perception between hetero-and isochromatic target-mask pairs with similar spatial and temporal parameters to ours. Indeed, our subjects reported no difference in motion perception between the stimulus pairs.…”

Section: Methodological Advantages and Limitationssupporting

confidence: 49%

Neural Correlates of Color-Selective Metacontrast in Human Early Retinotopic Areas

Maeda

Yamamoto

Fukunaga³

et al. 2010

Journal of Neurophysiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Maeda K, Yamamoto H, Fukunaga M, Umeda M, Tanaka C, Ejima Y. Neural correlates of color-selective metacontrast in human early retinotopic areas. J Neurophysiol 104: 2291-2301, 2010. First published July 21, 2010 doi:10.1152/jn.00923.2009. Metacontrast is a visual illusion in which the visibility of a target stimulus is virtually lost when immediately followed by a nonoverlapping mask stimulus. For a colored target, metacontrast is color-selective, with target visibility markedly reduced when the mask and target are the same color, but only slightly reduced when the colors differ. This study investigated neural correlates of color-selective metacontrast for coneopponent red and green stimuli in the human V1, V2, and V3 using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Neural activity was suppressed when the target was rendered less visible by the same-colored mask, and the suppression was localized in the cortical region retinotopically representing the target, correlating with the perceptual topography of visibility/invisibility rather than the physical topography of the stimulus. Retinotopy-based group analysis found that activity suppression was statistically significant for V2 and V3 and that its localization to the target region was statistically significant for V2. These results suggest that retinotopic color representations in early visual areas, especially in V2, are closely linked to the visibility of color. I N T R O D U C T I O NMetacontrast is a visual masking illusion in which the visibility of a briefly presented target stimulus is virtually lost when immediately followed by a nonoverlapping mask stimulus (Breitmeyer and Ogmen 2006). Interestingly, metacontrast is largely color-selective, peaking when the mask and target are the same color (Beer and MacLeod 2003;Bevan et al. 1970;von der Heydt et al. 1998). This study explored whether neural activity is suppressed in the human early retinotopic areas V1, V2, and V3 when color visibility of the target is reduced by color-selective metacontrast and further investigated whether the suppression is retinotopically localized to the cortical region representing the colored target.This exploration is important for understanding the neural processes underlying color visibility. Metacontrast has been used as a tool to investigate mechanisms underlying visibility for achromatic patterns in several physiological studies, which have accumulated evidence for the involvement of early areas for visibility (Macknik 2006). However, applications to chromatic patterns have not previously been reported, thus leaving unresolved the issue of whether early areas are also related to the visibility of color. Of particular interest is whether the retinotopic representation of the colored target is suppressed when its visibility is reduced. In the luminance dimension, many neuroimaging studies on visual masking have found that spatial distribution of activity in the early retinotopic areas are topographically correlated with visibility rather than physical stimulus (Macknik and Ha...

show abstract

Section: Methodological Advantages and Limitationssupporting

confidence: 49%

Neural Correlates of Color-Selective Metacontrast in Human Early Retinotopic Areas

Maeda

Yamamoto

Fukunaga³

et al. 2010

Journal of Neurophysiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Most previous experimenters concluded that chromatic identity does not produce correspondence matching (e.g., Kolers & Green, 1984;Kolers & Pomerantz, 1971; but see Navon, 1983). Although part of my success lay in use of an isoluminant background, observers still performed better than chance with a dark background.…”

Section: Greenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Color correspondence in apparent motion

Green

1989

Perception & Psychophysics

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

To maintain figural identity during motion perception, the visual system must match images over space and time. Correct matching requires a metric for identifying "corresponding" images, those representing the same physical object. To test whether matching is based on achromatic (black/white) polarity and chromatic (red/green) color, observers viewed an ambiguous motion display and judged the path of apparent motion. Matching preserved black/white identity regardless of whether frames were viewed binocularly or dichoptically. Red/green identity was also preserved, but coherence of motion depended in part on the number of frames in the motion sequence and on the background luminance. These results suggest that correspondence is computed by a weighted metric containing terms for image features coded early in visual processing.

show abstract

“…This was justified earlier on the grounds that the human visual system is quite insensitive to manipulations of element appearance in apparent-motion displays (e. g. , Baro & Levinson, 1988;Burt & Sperling, 1981;Dawson, 1989;Kolers, 1972;Kolers & Green, 1984;Kolers & Pomerantz, 1971;Kolers & von Grunau, 1976;Krumhansl, 1984;Navon, 1976; Ullman, 1979, Chap. 2).…”

Section: Image-matching Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1) discussed some demonstrations in which perceived direction of motion is inconsistent with expectations, such as a "block train" in which the windows are seen to move in one direction as the train itself moves in another. Kolers and Green (1984) argued that if correspondence processing was perceptually intelligent, the visual system would not ignore simple interpretations (such as perceived rotation) to resolve figural differences between frames of view (see also Petersik, 1987Petersik, , 1989). …”

Section: Cognitive Impenetrability Of Correspondence Matchesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Second, many psychophysical experiments have shown that the human visual system assigns motion correspondence matches primarily on the basis of element locations and not on the basis of element appearances. Whereas human observers are very sensitive to manipulations of element positions in apparent motion displays, they are much less sensitive to manipulations of figural properties such as shape, color, or spatial frequency (e. g. , Baro & Levinson, 1988;Burt & Sperling, 1981;Cavanagh, Arguin, & von Grunau, 1989;Dawson, 1990a;Kolers, 1972;Kolers & Green, 1984;Kolers & Pomerantz, 1971;Kolers & von Grunau, 1976;Krumhansl, 1984;Navon, 1976; Ullman, 1979, Chap. 2;Victor & Conte, 1990).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The how and why of what went where in apparent motion: Modeling solutions to the motion correspondence problem.

Dawson

1991

Psychological Review

167

117

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:A model that is capable of maintaining the identities of individuated elements as they move is described. It solves a particular problem of underdetermination, the motion correspondence problem, by simultaneously applying 3 constraints: the nearest neighbor principle, the relative velocity principle, and the element integrity principle. The model generates the same correspondence solutions as does the human visual system for a variety of displays, and many of its properties are consistent with what is known about the physiological mechanisms underlying human motion perception. The model can also be viewed as a proposal of how the identities of attentional tags are maintained by visual cognition, and thus it can be differentiated from a system that serves merely to detect movement. PDF Image: PDF Full Text Database: PsycARTICLESThe How Nevin-Meadows, Don Schopflocher, and Nancy Digdon at the University of Alberta. Comments from Dennis Proffitt and an anonymous reviewer on an earlier version of the manuscript were also extremely useful. I would like to acknowledge Brian Harder, who died during the past year. He began work on this research with me and performed numerous simulation runs and prepared many of the figures.Correspondence may be addressed to: Michael R. W. Dawson, Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9 Canada. Electronic mail may be sent to mike@psych.ualberta.ca.Many researchers have described the goal of visual perception as the construction of useful representations about the world (e. g. , Horn, 1986;Marr, 1976Marr, , 1982Ullman, 1979). These representations are derived from the information projected from a three-dimensional visual world (the distal stimulus) onto an essentially twodimensional surface of light receptors in the eyes. The interpretation of the distal stimulus must be determined from the resulting pattern of retinal stimulation (the proximal stimulus).However, the information represented in the proximal stimulus cannot, by itself, completely determine the nature of the distal stimulus. This is because the proximal stimulus does not preserve the full dimensionality of the physical world. The mapping from three-dimensional patterns to two-dimensional patterns is a many-to-one mapping and is not uniquely invertible (see Gregory, 1970;Horn, 1986;Marr, 1982;Richards, 1988). Retinal stimulation geometrically underdetermines interpretations of the physical world. 1Underdetermination can also result because the information available from local measurements of the proximal stimulus is consistent with a large number of different global interpretations. Alone, the local measurements are not sufficient to determine which global interpretation is correct. One example of this is the aperture problem: local measurements of a contour's movement do not by themselves specify the contour's true velocity (e. g. , Hildreth, 1983;Marr & Ullman, 1981). Another example is the stereo correspondence problem: local measurements do not by themselves specify which proxim...

show abstract

Color Logic of Apparent Motion

Cited by 43 publications

References 10 publications

Neural Correlates of Color-Selective Metacontrast in Human Early Retinotopic Areas

Neural Correlates of Color-Selective Metacontrast in Human Early Retinotopic Areas

Color correspondence in apparent motion

The how and why of what went where in apparent motion: Modeling solutions to the motion correspondence problem.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About