Color Image Cryptosystem Based on Sine Chaotic Map, 4D Chen Hyperchaotic Map of Fractional-Order and Hybrid DNA Coding

Abstract

With advancements in computer and communication technologies, the production, utilization and applications of digital images is at an unprecedented rate. Recent applications include military communications, remote sensing, novel engineering designs storage and communications, as well as medical imaging. In most cases, such images convey highly sensitive or confidential information, which creates a strong need for the design of secure and robust color image cryptosystems. Recent literature has shown that fractional-order functions exhibit improved performance over their corresponding integer-order versions. This is especially true in their use in image processing applications. In this research work, we make use of a four-dimensional (4D) hyperchaotic Chen map of fractional-order, in conjunction with a sine chaotic map and a novel hybrid DNA coding algorithm. A thorough numerical analysis is presented, showcasing the security performance and efficiency of the proposed color image cryptosystem. Performance is gauged in terms of resilience against visual, histogram, statistical, entropy, differential, as well as brute-force attacks. Mean values of the metrics computed are as follows. MSE of 9396, PSNR of 8.27 dB, information entropy of 7.997, adjacent pixel correlation coefficient of 0, NPCR of 99.62%, UACI of 33, MAE of 80.57, and a very large key space of 2 744 . The proposed image cryptosystem exhibits low computational complexity, as it encrypts images at a rate of 4.369 Mbps. Furthermore, it passes the NIST SP 800 suite of tests successfully. Comparison of the computed metrics of the proposed image cryptosystem against those reported in the stateof-the-art by counterpart algorithms show that the proposed cryptosystem exhibits comparable or superior values.

Dynamic Multi-Layered Image Encryption scheme using User Driven Chaotic Sequences

“…For one iteration cycle, the suggested scheme's key space value ≈2 540 is obtained. The traditional algorithm [13,16,18,23,24,25,26] has lower key space, and schemes [17,27] have larger key space values than the proposed algorithms. The scheme [13,16,17,18,23,24,25,26] has achieved its optimal key space value of 2 100 after several rounds of iteration, whereas the proposed Scheme 1 and Scheme 2 have attained their ideal values for a one cycle of iteration itself.…”

“…The traditional algorithm [13,16,18,23,24,25,26] has lower key space, and schemes [17,27] have larger key space values than the proposed algorithms. The scheme [13,16,17,18,23,24,25,26] has achieved its optimal key space value of 2 100 after several rounds of iteration, whereas the proposed Scheme 1 and Scheme 2 have attained their ideal values for a one cycle of iteration itself. Subsequently, the proposed encryption algorithm with both schemes 1 and 2 has larger key space and has sufficient resistance to withstand brute force attack.…”

Dynamic Multi-Layered Image Encryption scheme using User Driven Chaotic Sequences

“…For one iteration cycle, the suggested scheme's key space value ≈2 540 is obtained. The traditional algorithm [13,16,18,23,24,25,26] has lower key space, and schemes [17,27] have larger key space values than the proposed algorithms. The scheme [13,16,17,18,23,24,25,26] has achieved its optimal key space value of 2 100 after several rounds of iteration, whereas the proposed Scheme 1 and Scheme 2 have attained their ideal values for a one cycle of iteration itself.…”

“…The traditional algorithm [13,16,18,23,24,25,26] has lower key space, and schemes [17,27] have larger key space values than the proposed algorithms. The scheme [13,16,17,18,23,24,25,26] has achieved its optimal key space value of 2 100 after several rounds of iteration, whereas the proposed Scheme 1 and Scheme 2 have attained their ideal values for a one cycle of iteration itself. Subsequently, the proposed encryption algorithm with both schemes 1 and 2 has larger key space and has sufficient resistance to withstand brute force attack.…”

“…The use of Latin squares in combination with chaotic systems indicates an attempt to merge algebraic structures with chaos theory for enhanced image security. Alexan et al [16] present a comprehensive approach for color image encryption that incorporates hybrid DNA coding, the 4D Chen hyperchaotic map of fractional order, and the sine chaotic map. This complex integration likely aims to enhance the encryption process's security and diversity.…”