1995
DOI: 10.1177/000331979504601002
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Color Doppler Imaging of Basal Cerebral Arteries: Normal Reference Values and Clinical Applications

Abstract: Transcranial color-coded duplex ultrasonography is a new diagnostic procedure allowing the visualization of major intracranial vessels. The purpose of this report is to describe this method and to evaluate its practical potential in the routine examination of basal cerebral arteries. The results from the examination of 96 patients are presented. By means of color coding of Doppler frequencies, the major intracranial vessels were identified by nature of their anatomic location with respect to the echogenic brai… Show more

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Cited by 34 publications
(26 citation statements)
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“…Familiarity with basal cerebral artery anatomy, common insonation depths and blood flow velocities for the various arteries makes collection of valid measurements much more likely (Fig. 3) (Arnolds and Von Reutern, 1986;Hennerici et al, 1987;Dewitt and Wechsler, 1988;Ringelstein et al, 1990a;Bartels et al, 1995).…”
Section: General Tcd Principlesmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Familiarity with basal cerebral artery anatomy, common insonation depths and blood flow velocities for the various arteries makes collection of valid measurements much more likely (Fig. 3) (Arnolds and Von Reutern, 1986;Hennerici et al, 1987;Dewitt and Wechsler, 1988;Ringelstein et al, 1990a;Bartels et al, 1995).…”
Section: General Tcd Principlesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Alternatively, the transcondylar window can be used for the insonation of the ipsilateral vertebral artery. A complete TCD examination usually includes measurement from all four windows but the most common approach in many experiments is through the transtemporal window (e.g., Aaslid, 1986aAaslid, ,b, 1987Bishop et al, 1986;Hennerici et al, 1987;Dewitt and Wechsler, 1988;Bartels et al, 1995;Aaslid et al, 2007). Each approach has unique advantages and challenges, which will be described below (see also (Aaslid, 1986a) and (Ringelstein et al, 1990a) for detailed reviews on examination techniques, basal cerebral artery anatomy and flow dynamics).…”
Section: General Tcd Principlesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Estas diferencias se sitúan alrededor del 15% para la ACM, 18% para la ACA, 30% para la ACP y 3% para la arteria basilar 3 . De este modo, se han establecido nuevas tablas de valores de referencia en la evaluación mediante DTCC 5,14 . En cuanto al número de vasos insonados, el DTCC se mostró muy superior al doppler ciego en la localización de la ACI, ACA y ACP, mientras la ACM fue insonada en número similar de ocasiones mediante ambas técnicas, con similares porcentajes a un estudio previo en voluntarios sanos 19 .…”
Section: Discussionunclassified
“…Bogdahn et al 8 añadieron a la sonografía bidimensional del cerebro adulto en tiempo real, la codificación en color del flujo sanguíneo de los vasos cerebrales y el análisis simultáneo de su espectro Doppler, técnica a la que se denominó "transcranial color coded duplex sonography" (TCCS) o "Dúplex transcraneal codificado en color" (DTCC). Durante la década de los años noventa su desarrollo ha sido espectacular, dirigiéndose la mayoría de los esfuerzos hacia el campo de la Neurología, fundamentalmente en el estudio de la ECVA, así como también de la hemorragia subaracnoidea secundaria a aneurismas y malformaciones arterio-venosas 5,13 . La principal diferencia obtenida entre una técnica y otra es que los valores de las velocidades obtenidos con el DTCC son superiores a los manejados con el DTC, fundamentalmente debido a la corrección del ángulo de incidencia del haz ultrasónico respecto a la dirección del flujo sanguíneo y a la colocación adecuada del volumen de muestra 3,4,19,22 .…”
Section: Introductionunclassified
“…Most often the Doppler carrier frequency is in the range 2-3.5 MHz with an imaging frequency up to 4 MHz. It is important to optimize not only the B-mode image, but also the color and spectral Doppler information for accurate evaluations [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. Although TCDI provides a convenient flow imaging map, a singlechannel spectral Doppler interrogation remains the mainstay of diagnosis, even with newer transcranial ultrasound techniques.…”
Section: Transcranial Color Duplex Imagingmentioning
confidence: 99%