Color discrimination and adaptation

Krauskopf, John; Gegenfurtner, Karl R.

doi:10.1016/0042-6989(92)90077-v

Cited by 228 publications

(225 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The two color-opponent dimensions (redgreen and yellow-blue) are orthogonal (Fairchild, 2013), have been shown to involve distinct functional and neural pathways (Dacey & Packer, 2003;Krauskopf & Gegenfurtner, 1992), and can be independently influenced on skin by hemoglobin oxygenation and concentration (Changizi & Shimojo, 2006). However, color is naturally viewed as the combination of these dimensions, and the hemoglobin variables are likely correlated with respect to cardiovascular reactivity.…”

Section: Emotion-color Associationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emotion-color associations in the context of the face.

Thorstenson

Elliot

Pazda

et al. 2018

Emotion

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Facial expressions of emotion contain important information that is perceived and used by observers to understand others' emotional state. While there has been considerable research into perceptions of facial musculature and emotion, less work has been conducted to understand perceptions of facial coloration and emotion. The current research examined emotion-color associations in the context of the face. Across four experiments, participants were asked to manipulate the color of face, or shape, stimuli along two color axes (i.e., red-green, yellow-blue) for six target emotions (i.e., anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, surprise). The results yielded a pattern that is consistent with physiological and psychological models of emotion.Keywords: Emotion, Color, Face, Association EMOTION-COLOR ASSOCIATIONS 3Outward expressions of emotion convey information about an individual's internal physiological and psychological state. Perceptual expectations regarding emotion are generated and reinforced through continued interactions with others. Specifically, perceivable characteristics of emotion are detected and stored as information, which is later used to effectively predict and understand others' emotion (Jack, Garrod, & Schyns, 2013;Yuille & Kersten, 2006). These expectations therefore reflect deeply engrained emotion-perception associations. By studying these associations, we can understand how emotion information is transmitted and interpreted as social information.An important, yet understudied property of emotion expression is facial coloration. While a substantial amount of research on emotion expression has been dedicated to investigating facial musculature (Ekman, 1993), very little empirical work has been conducted to examine the role of facial coloration changes in emotion communication. However, facial coloration reflects physiological and psychological processes that are biologically and socially relevant. For example, facial color has been shown to influence perceptions of health (Stephen, Coetzee, Law Smith, & Perrett, 2009;Young, Thorstenson, & Pazda, 2016), attractiveness (Jones, Little, Burt, & Perrett, 2004;Thorstenson, Pazda, Elliot, & Perrett, 2016), and personality (Stephen, Oldham, Perrett, & Barton, 2012). Further, because the expression of emotion cues is an important component of emotion communication (Keltner & Haidt, 1999), we should expect to find cognitive and perceptual mechanisms that facilitate detecting such cues to emotion in others (Phelps, Ling, & Carrasco, 2006). In line with this, there is evidence that trichromatic color vision in humans is well suited, even optimized, for detecting subtle skin color changes resulting from physiological processes (Changizi, Zhang, & Shimojo, 2006; Lefevre, Ewbank, Calder, EMOTION-COLOR ASSOCIATIONS 4Hagen, & Perrett, 2013;Re, Whitehead, Xiao, & Perrett, 2011;Tan & Stephen, 2013). This suggests that skin color plays an important role in social communication. The current research aims to investigate observers' emotion-color associatio...

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Section: Emotion-color Associationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emotion-color associations in the context of the face.

Thorstenson

Elliot

Pazda

et al. 2018

Emotion

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“…For our present purpose, such adaptive shifts would blur any attempt to show enhanced discrimination at a particular locus in chromaticity space. We therefore follow Krauskopf & Gegenfurtner [34] in holding adaptation steady with a neutral adapting field and rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org Proc. R. Soc.…”

Section: (D) Stimulus Duration As a Critical Variablementioning

confidence: 99%

Is discrimination enhanced at the boundaries of perceptual categories? A negative case

Danilova

Mollon

2014

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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The human visual system imposes discrete perceptual categories on the continuous input space that is represented by the ratios of excitations of the cones in the retina. Is discrimination enhanced at the boundaries between perceptual hues, in the way that discrimination may be enhanced at the boundaries between speech sounds in hearing? In the chromaticity diagram, the locus of unique green separates colours that appear yellowish from those that appear bluish. Using a two-alternative spatial forced choice and an adapting field equivalent to the Daylight Illuminant D65, we measured chromatic discrimination along lines orthogonal to the locus of unique green. In experimental runs interleaved with these performance measurements, we obtained estimates of the phenomenological boundary from the same observers. No enhancement of objectively measured discrimination was observed at the category boundary between yellowish and bluish hues. Instead, thresholds were minimal at chromaticities where the ratio of long-wave to middle-wave cone excitation was the same as that for the background adapting field.

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“…We followed recent tradition in the study of chromatic discrimination [19,20] and scaled the S/(L þ M) ordinate so that thresholds for excursions around the white point were equal for the two cardinal axes. Thus, when below we refer to hue thresholds we formally mean thresholds measured along a line orthogonal to a radial line at 458 or 2458 in the scaled space ( figure 1).…”

Section: (B) the Present Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Superior discrimination for hue than for saturation and an explanation in terms of correlated neural noise

Danilova

Mollon

2016

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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The precision of human colour discrimination depends on the region of colour space in which measurements are made and on the direction in which the compared colours-the discriminanda-differ. Working in a MacLeod-Boynton chromaticity diagram scaled so that thresholds at the white point were equal for the two axes, we made measurements at reference points lying on lines that passed at 458 or 2458 through the white point. At a given reference chromaticity, we measured thresholds either for saturation (i.e. for discriminanda lying radially along the line passing through the white point) or for hue (i.e. for discriminanda lying on a tangent of a circle passing through the reference point and centred on the white point). The discriminanda always straddled the reference point in chromaticity. The attraction of this arrangement is that the two thresholds can be expressed in common units. All that differs between saturation and hue measurements is the phase with which the short-wave signal is combined with the long-/middle-wave signal. Except for chromaticities very close to the white point, saturation thresholds were systematically higher than hue thresholds. We offer a possible explanation in terms of correlated neural noise.

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Color discrimination and adaptation

Cited by 228 publications

References 19 publications

Emotion-color associations in the context of the face.

Emotion-color associations in the context of the face.

Is discrimination enhanced at the boundaries of perceptual categories? A negative case

Superior discrimination for hue than for saturation and an explanation in terms of correlated neural noise

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