Color Combination of Conductive Polymers for Black Electrochromism

Abstract

Conducting polymers that absorb three primary colors, red, green, and blue (RGB), were introduced with a yellow electrochromic polymer (Y) for the preparation of black electrochromic devices. Red poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and blue poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) were coated on one side of the electrode as a cathodically coloring electrochromic (EC) layer, while green poly(aniline-N-butylsulfonate) (PANBS) and yellow EC poly{[1,3-bis(9',9'-dihexylfluoren-20-yl)azulenyl]-alt-[2",7"-(9",9"-dihexylfluorenyl]} (PDHFA) were coated on the opposite electrode to complete a complementary EC device. The yellow PDHFA layer effectively compensated for absorption below 450 nm and above the 600 nm region, which was lacking in the RGB electrode. The resultant RGBY ECD provided a black color near the CIE black with L*, a*, and b* values of 32, -1.1, and 3.7, respectively, covering a broad absorption in the visible range in the colored state. The state of the black EC device was maintained, even after the electricity was turned off for 200 h, showing stable memory effect.

Hydroxypropyl cellulose-based gel electrolyte for electrochromic devices

“…PEDOT is also used as a model compound to the wide range of applications due to its excellent environmental and electrochemical stability, electric conductivity [18] and solubility in water when complexed with poly(styrene sulphonate) (PSS). Moreover, its colour change from transparent to deep blue when passing by different oxidation states is widely studied as electrochromic layer for electrochromic devices [19][20][21][22]. Polyaniline is another well-known conjugated polymer for use in electrochromic application owning to good electrochemical and optical properties.…”

Enhanced electrochromic properties of hybrid P3HT/WO3 composites with multiple colorations

“…In contrast, polymeric materials exhibit multicolor electrochromism, which is mainly observed in polyaniline [17], polypyrrole [18], and polythiophene [19], and their derivatives can exhibit various colorations by tailoring the electronic structures of the materials [20]. Among polymeric electrochromic materials, P3HT…”

Application of triphenylamine dendritic polymer in a complementary electrochromic device with panchromatic absorption

“…For practical applications, complementary ECDs, which are composed of an anodically coloring material and a cathodically coloring material [3,[29][30][31][32], are desired because of their capability of harnessing two EC materials' coloring ability without increasing the consumption of electrons. And recently, black-to-transmissive ECDs become a focused issue because they are promising to be applied in emerging commercial displays like e-papers [33,34]. Reynolds et al [35] utilized a polymer design strategy through donor-acceptor approach to successfully construct a promising panchromatic absorption electrochromic film.…”