Color Change of Selected Wood Species Affected by Thermal Treatment and Sanding

Smoke treatment can be used to enhance wood resistance to subterranean termite attack. In this study, kesambi (Schleichera oleosa) wood was pyrolyzed to produce charcoal. The smoke produced as a by-product of pyrolysis was used to treat sengon (Falcataria moluccana), jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba), mangium (Acacia mangium), and pine (Pinus merkusii) wood samples for 1, 2, or 3 weeks. Following the smoke treatment, the wood specimens were exposed to subterranean termites (Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren) according to the Indonesian standard 7207-2014 in a laboratory. The color change caused by smoke treatment was observed, and chemical analysis of smoke was also done. The results showed that chemical compounds of kesambi smoke predominantly consisted of acetic acid, phenol, ketones, amines, and benzene. The color of smoked wood became darker, less yellow, and a little redder, while a longer smoking period produced a darker color which was more resistant to termite attack. Smoke treatment enhanced the resistance of wood to subterranean termite attack, and the resistance levels were not significantly different based on the duration of the smoke treatment.

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“…According to Hunter Lab [20] and Hrčková et al [21], the color change can be classified as shown in Table 1.…”

Section: Wood Color Change Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Color change and termite resistance of fast-growing tropical woods treated with kesambi (Schleichera oleosa) smoke

et al. 2020

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“…During production, thermally modified wood is processed with the same machining operations as unmodified wood. It is necessary to be familiar with the behavior of thermally modified wood in these processes [12][13][14][15]. While there is an increasing amount of performance data for thermally modified tree species, there is limited quantitative information about the machining and processing qualities of thermally modified wood compared to unmodified wood [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupational Exposure to Dust Produced when Milling Thermally Modified Wood

Očkajová

Kučerka

Kminiak

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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During production, thermally modified wood is processed using the same machining operations as unmodified wood. Machining wood is always accompanied with the creation of dust particles. The smaller they become, the more hazardous they are. Employees are exposed to a greater health hazard when machining thermally modified wood because a considerable amount of fine dust is produced under the same processing conditions than in the case of unmodified wood. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) states that wood dust causes cancer of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses and of the nasopharynx. Wood dust is also associated with toxic effects, irritation of the eyes, nose and throat, dermatitis, and respiratory system effects which include decreased lung capacity, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma and allergic reactions. In our research, granular composition of particles resulting from the process of longitudinal milling of heat-treated oak and spruce wood under variable conditions (i.e., the temperature of modification of 160, 180, 200 and 220 °C and feed rate of 6, 10 and 15 m.min−1) are presented in the paper. Sieve analysis was used to determine the granular composition of particles. An increase in fine particle fraction when the temperature of modification rises was confirmed by the research. This can be due to the lower strength of thermally modified wood. Moreover, a different effect of the temperature modification on granularity due to the tree species was observed. In the case of oak wood, changes occurred at a temperature of 160 °C and in the case of spruce wood, changes occurred at the temperatures of 200 and 220 °C. At the temperatures of modification of 200 and 220 °C, the dust fraction (i.e., that occurred in the mesh sieves, particles with the size ≤ 0.08 mm) ranged from 2.99% (oak wood, feed rate of 10 m.min−1) to 8.07% (spruce wood, feed rate of 6 m.min−1). Such particles might have a harmful effect on employee health in wood-processing facilities.

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“…The colors of the untreated glulam and polystyrene glulam were determined according to the CIELab method of measuring L* (lightness), a* (red to green), and b* (blue to yellow) values [21], using a scanner machine (CanoScan 4400F) and the Adobe Photoshop CS5 application. The color change of wood specimens was calculated by referring to CIELab, while classification was according to Hunter Lab [22] and Hrčková et al [23].…”

Section: Discoloration Of Polystyrene Glulammentioning

confidence: 99%

Color Change and Physical-Mechanical Properties of Polystyrene-Impregnated Glulam from Three Tropical Fast-Growing Wood Species

Hadi

Hermawan

Sulastiningsih

et al. 2021

Forests

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The aims of this work were to determine the color change and physical–mechanical properties of polystyrene glulam from three tropical wood species. Wood laminas were cut from logs harvested from a young plantation forest of manii (Maesopsis eminii), mangium (Acacia mangium), and rubber-wood (Hevea brasiliensis). The laminas were impregnated with monomer styrene that was polymerized using potassium peroxy-disulfate as a catalyst and heat. Three-layer glulam was constructed from the polystyrene laminas, using isocyanate glue and cold press. For comparison purposes, three-layer untreated glulam and solid wood samples were prepared. The results showed that the color change of polystyrene glulam was very small compared with untreated glulam. Polystyrene glulam had the highest density, while the density of untreated glulam did not differ from that of the solid wood. The moisture content of all products was matched to the environment, and fulfilled the Japanese standard. Compared with both types of glulams, solid wood had lower values for modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), and hardness, but higher shear strength. Meanwhile, polystyrene glulam had lower values for MOR and MOE, equal shear strength and wood failure, and higher hardness than the untreated glulam. All glulams had very little delamination in the hot water test. Only rubber-wood glulams fulfilled JAS 234-2003 for MOR, MOE, shear strength, and delamination. To obtain adequate physical–mechanical properties of glulams, medium-density wood is recommended for glulam manufacturing.

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Color Change of Selected Wood Species Affected by Thermal Treatment and Sanding

Cited by 23 publications

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Color change and termite resistance of fast-growing tropical woods treated with kesambi (Schleichera oleosa) smoke

Color change and termite resistance of fast-growing tropical woods treated with kesambi (Schleichera oleosa) smoke

Occupational Exposure to Dust Produced when Milling Thermally Modified Wood

Color Change and Physical-Mechanical Properties of Polystyrene-Impregnated Glulam from Three Tropical Fast-Growing Wood Species

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