Color and Volume Change in PPy(DBS)

Wang, Xuezheng; Smela, Elisabeth

doi:10.1021/jp802937v

Cited by 63 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…Thus, the strain in PPy actuators has been shown to depend on the size of ions and solvents exchanged in the oxidation and reduction process. In a biomedical setup, PPy doped with DBS or tosylate are most commonly used to build microactuator systems [53].…”

Section: Organic Bioelectronic Active Surfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic Bioelectronic Tools for Biomedical Applications

2015

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Abstract:Organic bioelectronics forms the basis of conductive polymer tools with great potential for application in biomedical science and medicine. It is a rapidly growing field of both academic and industrial interest since conductive polymers bridge the gap between electronics and biology by being electronically and ionically conductive. This feature can be employed in numerous ways by choosing the right polyelectrolyte system and tuning its properties towards the intended application. This review highlights how active organic bioelectronic surfaces can be used to control cell attachment and release as well as to trigger cell signaling by means of electrical, chemical or mechanical actuation. Furthermore, we report on the unique properties of conductive polymers that make them outstanding materials for labeled or label-free biosensors. Techniques for electronically controlled ion transport in organic bioelectronic devices are introduced, and examples are provided to illustrate their use in self-regulated medical devices. Organic bioelectronics have great potential to become a primary platform in future bioelectronics. We therefore introduce current applications that will aid in the development of advanced in vitro systems for biomedical science and of automated systems for applications in neuroscience, cell biology and infection biology. Considering this broad spectrum of applications, organic bioelectronics could lead to timely detection of disease, and facilitate the use of remote and personalized medicine. As such, organic bioelectronics might contribute to efficient healthcare and reduced hospitalization times for patients. OPEN ACCESSElectronics 2015, 4 880

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Section: Organic Bioelectronic Active Surfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic Bioelectronic Tools for Biomedical Applications

2015

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“…During the rst 25 cycles (<10 000 s) the largest reversible expansion for all three materials occurred in the rst reduction scan, which then decreased signicantly by the second or third cycle. 81 The reversible expansion of PPy(DBS) increases steadily with time (cycle number) until it eventually stabilised aer approximately 100 cycles (40 000 s). The 0.028 poly(3,4DMPy-co-Py)(DBS) showed similar behaviour, undergoing relatively large increase in reversible expansion with increasing cycle number, which stabilised aer approximately 100 cycles.…”

Section: Copolymer Lmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…81 The more compact the polymer, the slower the ion transport. 77 Films containing more linear polymer chains are able to pack more closely and be subject to greater hydrogen bonding and pi-stacking between chains than a highly branched and crosslinked network.…”

Section: Copolymer Lmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlling the electro-mechanical performance of polypyrrole through 3- and 3,4-methyl substituted copolymers

2015

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Conducting polymers such as polypyrrole are biocompatible materials used in bioelectronic applications and microactuators for mechanobiology and soft microrobotics. The materials are commonly electrochemically synthesised from an electrolyte solution comprising pyrrole monomers and a salt, which is incorporated as the counter ion. This electrosynthesis results in polypyrrole forming a threedimensional network with extensive cross-linking in both the alpha and beta positions, which impacts the electro-mechanical performance. In this study we adopt a 'blocking strategy' to restrict and control cross-linking and chain branching through beta substitution of the monomer to investigate the effect of crosslinking on the electroactive properties. Methyl groups where used as blocking groups to minimise the impact on the pyrrole ring system. Pyrrole, 3-and 3,4-methyl substituted pyrrole monomers were electro-polymerised both as homo-polymers and as a series of co-polymer films. The electroactive performance of the films was characterised by measuring their electrochemical responses and their reversible and non-reversible film thickness changes. This showed that altering the degree of crosslinking through this blocking strategy had a large impact on the reversible and irreversible volume change. These results elaborate the importance of the polymer structure in the actuator performance, an aspect that has hitherto received little attention.

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“…diffusion in the electrolyte or electron transport), including a key role for migration in ion transport at more negative electrode potentials [64][65][66]. Modelling of the curvature of PPy(DBS) on gold bilayer actuators, including strain and modulus values, were also used to relate curvature to different gold and PPy thicknesses and lengths, and it was determined that the optimal PPy-to-gold thickness ratio was 5:1 [5].…”

Section: Modelling Of Conducting-polymer Actuationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanostructural Aspects of Conducting‐Polymer Actuators

Kilmartin

Travaš-Sejdić

2010

Nanostructured Conductive Polymers

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Dimensional changes in conducting polymers such as polypyrrole (PPy), polyaniline (PANI), and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) during oxidation and reduction have been used for over 15 years to create movement, an actuating effect. This has opened up the possibility of the development of a new class of polymer-based, large strain, artificial muscles, to stand alongside other prospective materials, such as dielectric elastomers, shape-memory alloys, and carbon nanotube fibers [1]. Advantages of conducting polymers over more established actuator technologies, such as piezoelectric polymers, are seen in their low operation voltages, high work densities per cycle, and force generation capabilities, but with limitations seen in cycle life and energy conversion efficiencies [2].However, a complete picture of the volume changes at work in conducting polymers has yet to be determined [3], and it is widely recognized that an understanding and better exploitation of nanostructural aspects of conducting-polymer actuators will be necessary to improve their performance as required for practical applications [4][5][6][7]. In this chapter we will outline the main mechanisms of actuation which have been investigated for conducting-polymer actuators, along with recent research to model actuator performance and develop applications. The effect of morphology and nanostructure, such as chain Nanostructured Conductive PolymersEdited by Ali Eftekhari

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Color and Volume Change in PPy(DBS)

Cited by 63 publications

References 81 publications

Organic Bioelectronic Tools for Biomedical Applications

Organic Bioelectronic Tools for Biomedical Applications

Controlling the electro-mechanical performance of polypyrrole through 3- and 3,4-methyl substituted copolymers

Nanostructural Aspects of Conducting‐Polymer Actuators

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