Color 3D bodies and judgements of human female attractiveness

Smith, Kathryn; Cornelissen, Piers L.; Tovée, Martin J.

doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2006.05.007

Cited by 91 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The similar amount of viewing time directed at the upper-body and legs suggested these regions may share equal importance in judging body attractiveness and body size, probably through providing visual cues about sexual maturity and body fat that are two important attractiveness factors (Singh, 1993;Smith, Cornelissen, & Tovée, 2007). Interestingly, the viewing time allocated to the arms was significantly less than all other body regions, indicating its lack of relevance in judging female body attractiveness and size.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Women gaze behaviour in assessing female bodies: the effects of clothing, body size, own body composition and body satisfaction

Cundall

Guo

2015

Psychological Research

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Often with minimally clothed figures depicting extreme body sizes, previous studies have shown women tend to gaze at evolutionary determinants of attractiveness when viewing female bodies, possibly for self-evaluation purposes, and their gaze distribution is modulated by own body dissatisfaction level. To explore to what extent women's body-viewing gaze behaviour is affected by clothing type, dress size, subjective measurements of regional body satisfaction and objective measurements of own body composition (e.g., chest size, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio), in this self-paced body attractiveness and body size judgement experiment, we compared healthy, young women's gaze distributions when viewing female bodies in tight and loose clothing of different dress sizes. In contrast to tight clothing, loose clothing biased gaze away from the waist-hip to the leg region, and subsequently led to enhanced body attractiveness ratings and body size underestimation for larger female bodies, indicating the important role of clothing in mediating women's body perception. When viewing preferred female bodies, women's higher satisfaction of a specific body region was associated with an increased gaze towards neighbouring body areas, implying satisfaction might reduce the need for comparison of confident body parts; furthermore undesirable body composition measurements were correlated with a gaze avoidance process if the construct was less changeable (i.e. chest size) but a gaze comparison process if the region was more changeable (i.e. body mass index, dress size). Clearly, own body satisfaction and body composition measurements had an evident impact on women's body-viewing gaze allocation, possibly through different cognitive processes.3

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Women gaze behaviour in assessing female bodies: the effects of clothing, body size, own body composition and body satisfaction

Cundall

Guo

2015

Psychological Research

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“…Using the data from Smith et al, (2007a), we found that a model with linear fits for BMI and WHR had an r-square of ~ 0.55, equating to an effect size f 2 of 1.2. Based on this, to achieve a power (1-β) of 0.9 and an α of 0.05 in the current single-shot study, we would need ~14 images to be rated.…”

Section: Sample Size and Stimulimentioning

confidence: 98%

“…However, we can restrict the number of parameters to be estimated for BMI to one, by selecting stimuli from the range ~19 to ~40 which corresponds to a linear decrease in attractiveness. This first criterion of a stimulus set with a restricted BMI range was met by using the colour image database reported by Smith et al (2007a), which comprises 42 images whose BMI varies from 18.42 to 26.68.…”

Section: Sample Size and Stimulimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on this, to achieve a power (1-β) of 0.9 and an α of 0.05 in the current single-shot study, we would need ~14 images to be rated. Therefore, for the current study, we selected a subset of 20 images from Smith et al (2007a) should not affect the research question at hand because it applies equally to the data from the two methodologies. Nevertheless, to quantify it, we compared the ranges of BMI and WHR in the stimulus set to those observed in the Health Survey for England (HSE 2012), defined in terms of z-scores.…”

Section: Sample Size and Stimulimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Henss, 1995Henss, , 2002Singh, 1993;Swami et al 2006, or to rate a larger set of images, each presented separately in a random order, but with the participants having already been shown the whole set to acquaint them with the degree of variation in physical features (e.g. Fan et al, 2004;Furnham et al, 2005Furnham et al, , 2006Rilings et al, 2009;Smith et al, 2007a;Streeter & McBurney, 2004;Tovée et al, 1999Tovée et al, , 2003. In both cases, it can therefore be argued that each face/body is rated in the context of the other faces/bodies within a given set, but that the rating of an individual face/body could be different if it were included in a different set of images.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Can we believe judgements of human physical attractiveness?

Tovée

Taylor

Cornelissen

2017

Evolution and Human Behavior

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A key question in attractiveness studies is the validity of the reported results outside the narrow confines of the experimental paradigm used. Does the range of physical features in a set of pictures used to test attractiveness judgments predict the individual ratings of each body? Or does each stimulus have an attractiveness value independent of the range of attractiveness found in the image set of which it is a part? An additional problem is that because participants are often shown a relatively large array of images in a short space of time, this may produce perceptual biases which could cause a short-term shift in attractiveness preferences which are not usually found in real life mate choice decisions.To address this issue we asked 20 participants (10 male and 10 female) to judge the attractiveness of 20 digital photographs of female bodies. We then asked a different set of 400 people (who had not seen the body pictures) to judge the attractiveness of one of the bodies from the set (so each body was rated in isolation by 10 male and 10 female participants). We then compared the attractiveness judgement each body received when seen independently versus when it was seen within the context of a set of bodies. The results showed no significant difference between the two conditions which suggests that each body has an attractiveness value independent of the attractiveness of the other bodies with which it is viewed.

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3D anthropometric assessment and perception of male body morphology in relation to physical strength

Stern

Penke

2019

American J Hum Biol

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Objectives: The assessment of men's physical strength is an important part of human social perception, for which observers rely on different kinds of cues. However, besides previous studies being limited in considerable ways, as yet there is no comprehensive investigation of a range of somatometric measures in relation to both objectively measured and observer-perceived physical strength using valid stimuli. Methods: We examined observer-perceptions of physical strength from 3D body scans of n = 165 men, the usage and validity of somatometric measures as cues to strength, differences between strength ratings from stimuli presented on computer monitors vs in real-life size using a projector, and between male and female observers. Results: A medium-sized correlation between measured and perceived strength was found, partly mediated by target men's chest-to-hip ratio, body density, ankle girth, height, upper arm, and forearm girth. No significant differences between men's and women's strength perceptions or the method of stimuli presentation (computer monitor vs projector) emerged. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that men's physical strength can be assessed with moderate accuracy from 3D body models and that some somatometric measures represent valid cues, which were used by observers, positively predicting both measured and perceived physical strength.

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Color 3D bodies and judgements of human female attractiveness

Cited by 91 publications

References 35 publications

Women gaze behaviour in assessing female bodies: the effects of clothing, body size, own body composition and body satisfaction

Women gaze behaviour in assessing female bodies: the effects of clothing, body size, own body composition and body satisfaction

Can we believe judgements of human physical attractiveness?

3D anthropometric assessment and perception of male body morphology in relation to physical strength

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