Colony-stimulating Factor 2 Inhibits Induction of Apoptosis in the Bovine Preimplantation Embryo

Loureiro, B.; Oliveira, Lilian J.; Favoreto, M. G.; Hansen, Peter J.

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0897.2010.00953.x

Cited by 40 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Treatment with CSF2 can increase expression of IFNT2 in sheep trophoblast (Imakawa et al 1993, Rooke et al 2005 and bovine trophoblast cells in vitro (Michael et al 2006). In addition, conceptuses treated with CSF2 at day 5 had altered expression of genes involved in developmental processes at day 6 characterized by an increase in expression of genes involved in mesoderm, mesenchyme and muscle formation and a decrease in genes involved in neurogenesis (Loureiro et al 2011). Perhaps, effects of CSF2 on differentiation at the blastocyst stage lead to increased growth of trophoblast between days 7 and 15 of development.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is unlikely, therefore, that the reduction in pregnancy fetal loss caused by CSF2 later in gestation is the result of global changes in transcription at day 15. Instead, perhaps, altered trajectory of development caused by CSF2, as characterized by changes in expression of developmentally important genes at day 6 (Loureiro et al 2011), can lead to formation of a fetus that is less likely to experience a developmental defect leading to pregnancy loss after day 35. It is also possible that CSF2 causes epigenetic changes in the developing conceptus that result in altered gene expression at time points later than studied here.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the cow, it improves the proportion of cultured conceptuses that develop to the blastocyst stage (de Moraes & Hansen 1997, Loureiro et al 2009), increases the number of cells in the inner cell mass (Loureiro et al 2009), and decreases the percentage of blastomeres undergoing apoptosis in response to heat shock (Loureiro et al 2011). Moreover, addition of CSF2 to culture medium from days 5 to 7 after insemination improved the competence of in vitro produced conceptuses to establish pregnancy after transfer to a recipient female while also reducing the probability of fetal loss after days 30-35 of pregnancy (Loureiro et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Consequences of conceptus exposure to colony-stimulating factor 2 on survival, elongation, interferon-τ secretion, and gene expression

Loureiro¹,

Block

Favoreto

et al. 2011

Reproduction

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Exposure of bovine conceptuses to colony-stimulating factor 2 (CSF2) from days 5 to 7 of development can increase the percentage of transferred conceptuses that develop to term. The purpose of this experiment was to understand the mechanism by which CSF2 increases embryonic and fetal survival. Conceptuses were produced in vitro in the presence or absence of 10 ng/ml CSF2 from days 5 to 7 after insemination, transferred into cows, and flushed from the uterus at day 15 of pregnancy. There was a tendency (PZ0.07) for the proportion of cows with a recovered conceptus to be greater for those receiving a CSF2-treated conceptus (35% for control versus 66% for CSF2). Antiviral activity in uterine flushings, a measure of the amount of interferon-t (IFNT2) secreted by the conceptus, tended to be greater for cows receiving CSF2-treated conceptuses than for cows receiving control conceptuses. This difference approached significance when only cows with detectable antiviral activity were considered (PZ0.07). In addition, CSF2 increased mRNA for IFNT2 (PZ0.08) and keratin 18 (P!0.05) in extraembryonic membranes. Among a subset of filamentous conceptuses that were analyzed by microarray hybridization, there was no effect of CSF2 on gene expression in the embryonic disc or extraembryonic membranes. Results suggest that the increase in calving rate caused by CSF2 treatment involves, in part, more extensive development of extraembryonic membranes and capacity of the conceptus to secrete IFNT2 at day 15 of pregnancy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Consequences of conceptus exposure to colony-stimulating factor 2 on survival, elongation, interferon-τ secretion, and gene expression

Loureiro¹,

Block

Favoreto

et al. 2011

Reproduction

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“…Culture with CSF2 altered expression of several genes involved in apoptosis and reduced the increase in apoptosis caused by exposure of embryos to heat shock (46). Interestingly, CSF2 increases the percent of embryos becoming blastocysts only when development in control embryos is low (41).…”

Section: Colony Stimulating Factormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CSF2 also altered expression of 42 genes involved in the developmental process ontology of DAVID, including several genes whose change in expression was interpreted to indicate promotion of mesoderm formation and regulation of WNT signaling (46). Culture with CSF2, IGF1, and DKK1 improves survival of in vitro-produced embryos after transfer into recipients.…”

Section: Colony Stimulating Factormentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal embryokines that regulate development of the bovine preimplantation embryo

Hansen¹,

Denicol²,

Dobbs³

2014

Turk J Vet Anim Sci

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The zygote contains within its genome and epigenome the program to direct development through the embryonic, fetal, and postnatal periods. The execution of that program is dependent on the embryo's nongenetic inheritance from the oocyte and sperm (1,2) as well as on the environment in which development proceeds. Variation in the maternal environment can affect the ability of the preimplantation embryo to establish pregnancy. In cattle, the focus of this review, competence of the preimplantation embryo for growth and survival can be affected by maternal parity (3), lactational status (4), and circulating concentrations of progesterone (5). Moreover, patterns of gene expression in the endometrium are associated with survival of an embryo transferred to the uterus in the next ovulatory cycle (6,7).Development of the bovine embryo to the blastocyst in the absence of maternal signals (i.e. through in vitro production procedures) results in embryos with aberrant gene expression (8,9), lipid content (10,11), DNA methylation (12), and, as shown in the Table, reduced competence to establish pregnancy after transfer into recipients (13-17). Additionally, an increased proportion of embryos produced in vitro have developmental abnormalities that lead to increased neonatal death losses (18-20). Some of the problems with the in vitro-produced embryo could result from selection of incompetent oocytes or inadequate oocyte maturation. However, the importance of the maternal environment during development is indicated by observations that transfer of in vitro-produced embryos to the oviduct after fertilization limits some of the abnormalities associated with in vitro production (9,21).One function of the reproductive tract is to secrete bioactive molecules that regulate the embryo, oviduct, or endometrium. Genes for 115 ligands expressed in the endometrium had the corresponding receptor gene expressed by the embryo (22). Regulatory molecules produced by the oviduct and endometrium, which include hormones, growth factors, and cytokines, are referred to as embryokines when they function to regulate embryonic growth and development (23).It is likely that some of the variation in the ability of the reproductive tract to support embryonic development represents variation in secretion of embryokines. Indeed, several genes that were overexpressed in the endometrium of cows that subsequently became pregnant after embryo transfer as compared to cows that did not establish pregnancy are potential embryokines. These include NGF,

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Sex and the preimplantation embryo: implications of sexual dimorphism in the preimplantation period for maternal programming of embryonic development

et al. 2015

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The developmental program of the embryo displays a plasticity that can result in long-acting effects that extend into post-natal life. In mammals, adult phenotype can be altered by changes in the maternal environment during the preimplantation period. One characteristic of developmental programming during this time is that the change in adult phenotype is often different for female offspring than for male offspring. In this paper, we propose the hypothesis that sexual dimorphism in preimplantation programming is mediated, at least in part, by sex-specific responses of embryos to maternal regulatory molecules whose secretion is dependent on maternal environment. The strongest evidence for this idea comes from the study of colony-stimulating factor 2 (CSF2). Expression of CSF2 from the oviduct and endometrium is modified by environmental factors of the mother, in particular seminal plasma and obesity. Additionally, CSF2 alters several properties of the preimplantation embryo and has been shown to alleviate negative consequences of culture of mouse embryos on postnatal phenotype in a sex-dependent manner. In cattle, exposure of preimplantation bovine embryos to CSF2 causes sex-specific changes in gene expression, interferon-τ secretion, and DNA methylation later in pregnancy (day 15 of gestation). It is likely that several embryokines can alter postnatal phenotype through actions directed towards the preimplantation embryo. Identification of these molecules and elucidation of the mechanisms by which sexually-disparate programming is established will lead to new insights into the control and manipulation of embryonic development.

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Colony-stimulating Factor 2 Inhibits Induction of Apoptosis in the Bovine Preimplantation Embryo

Abstract: CSF2 blocks apoptosis in bovine embryos through actions associated with regulation of genes controlling apoptosis.

Cited by 40 publications

References 41 publications

Consequences of conceptus exposure to colony-stimulating factor 2 on survival, elongation, interferon-τ secretion, and gene expression

Consequences of conceptus exposure to colony-stimulating factor 2 on survival, elongation, interferon-τ secretion, and gene expression

Maternal embryokines that regulate development of the bovine preimplantation embryo

Sex and the preimplantation embryo: implications of sexual dimorphism in the preimplantation period for maternal programming of embryonic development

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