Colony development by Erysiphe graminis f.sp. hordei on isolated epidermis of barley coleoptile incubated under continuous light or short-day conditions

Carver, T. L. W.; Jones, SJ

doi:10.1016/s0007-1536(88)80188-8

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The number of haustoria was also affected under complete darkness (Table 1). This may be due to the similar phenomenon suggested by Carver and Jones (1988) that synchronous production of haustoria in E. graminis f. sp. hordei depends on the photosynthetic activity of the host and ruled out the presence of any photoreceptor in the fungus.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

“…Erysiphe spp. are unique in that their haustoria are restricted to epidermal cells which are devoid of chloroplasts, and thus the development of the pathogens depends on the photosynthetic activity of underlying mesophyll cells (Carver and Jones, 1988). The movement of sugars from mesophyll into the epidermis is through apoplast as there is no plasmodesmata available for symplastic movement (Aked and Hall, 1993a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of Erysiphe pisi (Powdery Mildew) on Normal and Albino Mutants of Pea (Pisum sativum L.)

Prithiviraj¹,

Sarma²

2000

Journal of Phytopathology

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Early development of Erysiphe pisi (powdery mildew) was studied on normal peas (with chlorophyll), natural albino mutants (without chlorophyll) and on chimeric leaves of pea induced by ethyl methane sulphonateEMS) under dierent light exposures. Dierent light regimes [continuous light; continuous darkness; short day (8 h light/16 h darkness); long day (16 h light/8 h darkness)] did not in¯uence the early development of E. pisi on pea leaves. However, under continuous darkness a lower number of haustoria was observed in comparison with other treatments. Erysiphe pisi failed to develop on naturally developed complete albino leaves as well as on the albino parts of chimeric leaves induced by EMS treatment. A lesser number of appressoria and haustoria was observed on albino leaves. Results suggest that the presence of some nondiusable chemical(s) in normal leaves of pea is essential for the establishment of successful biotrophy. Zusammenfassung Entwicklung von Erysiphe pisi (Echter Mehltau) an normalen P¯anzen und an Albinomutanten der Erbse (Pisum sativum L.) Die fruÈ he Entwicklung von Erysiphe pisi (Echter Mehltau) wurde bei verschiedenen LichtverhaÈ ltnissen an normalen Erbsen (chlorophyllhaltig), natuÈ rlichen Albinomutanten (chlorophyllfrei) und an chimaÈ ren Erbsen-blaÈ ttern gepruÈ ft, die durch Behandlung mit Ethylmethansulfonat (EMS) induziert worden waren. Die unterschiedlichen LichtverhaÈ ltnisse (staÈ ndiges Licht, staÈ ndige Dunkelheit, Kurztag [8 h Licht/16 h Dunkellheit] und Langtag [16 h Licht/8 h Dunkelhelt]) beein¯uûten die fruÈ he Entwicklung von E. pisi auf den ErbsenblaÈ ttern nicht. Bei staÈ ndiger Dunkelheit wurden jedoch weniger Haustorien beobachtet als bei den anderen Varianten. Erysiphe pisi konnte sich weder an na-tuÈ rlich auftretenden vollstaÈ ndig albinotischen BlaÈ ttern noch auf dem albinotischen Teil chimaÈ rer BlaÈ tter entwickeln, der durch EMS-Behandlung induziert worden war. Die Anzahl Appressorien und Haustorien war bei den albinotischen BlaÈ ttern kleiner. Die Ergebnisse legen nahe, daû die Anwesenheit einer oder mehrerer nicht diundierbarer chemischer Substanzen in normalen ErbsenblaÈ ttern fuÈ r die erfolgreiche Ausbildung der Biotrophle noÈ tig ist.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Erysiphe pisi (Powdery Mildew) on Normal and Albino Mutants of Pea (Pisum sativum L.)

Prithiviraj¹,

Sarma²

2000

Journal of Phytopathology

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“…In barley, the disease is caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei, an obligate, epiphytic and biotrophic fungus that exclusively infects epidermal leaf tissue (Carver and Jones 1988). The developmental stages during infection, are well defined (Aist and Bushnell 1981).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical-induced resistance against powdery mildew in barley: the effects of chitosan and benzothiadiazole

et al. 2007

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Chitosan (CHT), a deacetylated chitin derivative, and benzo-(1,2,3)-thiadiazole-7-carbothioic acid S-methyl ester (BTH), a non toxic synthetic functional analogue of salicylic acid, were applied as foliar spray to barley plants (Hordeum vulgare L.), to compare their effectiveness in inducing resistance against Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei and to investigate the underlying defence response. After an induction phase of 3 days (IP, time elapsed between treatment and fungal inoculation) both compounds reduced significantly the infection on the primary leaf, namely of 55.5% for CHT and of 68.9% for BTH, showing the induction of a good level of local resistance (LAR). A 5-day IP further reduced the infected areas in BTH treated plants (À77.2%) but not in CHT treated ones (À47.1%). Furthermore, both CHT and BTH also induced SAR, being the infection in the second non treated leaves reduced of 57% and 76.2%, respectively, as evaluated at 10-day IP. Both BTH and CHT induced oxidative burst and phenolic compound deposition in treated leaves, creating an hostile environment that slowed down the fungal spreading by impairing haustorium development. However, the greater efficacy of BTH was possibly due to: i) a greater reinforcement of papilla; ii) a higher level and the more homogeneous diffusion of H 2 O 2 in the treated leaf tissues and iii) an induced hypersensitive-like response in many penetrated cells.

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“…On the basis of the aforementioned findings, we conclude that lack of light affects the metabolism of plant leaves, mainly photosynthesis; this results in depletion of nutrients sources in leaves, which may lead to the starvation of the pathogen. Carver and Jones (1988) carried out series of experiments where tip and basal portions of leaf were subjected to the different light treatment, and did not find any transmissible effect of light treatment. Also, experiments with isolated epidermis of barley coleoptiles suggested that such effects are due to the photosynthetic activity, rather than the presence of a fungal photoreceptor (Carver and Jones 1988).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Carver and Jones (1988) carried out series of experiments where tip and basal portions of leaf were subjected to the different light treatment, and did not find any transmissible effect of light treatment. Also, experiments with isolated epidermis of barley coleoptiles suggested that such effects are due to the photosynthetic activity, rather than the presence of a fungal photoreceptor (Carver and Jones 1988). However, the existence of a direct mechanism of light effect on powdery mildew behaviour support results showing a positive or negative phototropism of the powdery mildew germ tube (Yarwood 1957).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Temperature and Light Conditions on Germination, Growth and Conidiation ofOidium neolycopersici

Mieslerová¹,

Lebeda²

2010

Journal of Phytopathology

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The effect of temperature and light conditions (spectral quality, intensity and photoperiod) on germination, development and conidiation of tomato powdery mildew (Oidium neolycopersici) on the highly susceptible tomato cv. Amateur were studied. Conidia germinated across the whole range of tested temperatures (10-35°C); however, at the end-point temperatures, germination was strongly limited. At temperatures slightly lower than optimum (20-25°C), mycelial development and time of appearance of the first conidiophores was delayed. Conidiation occurred within the range of 15-25°C, however was most intense between 20-25°C. Pathogen development was also markedly influenced by the light conditions. Conidiation and mycelium development was greatest at light intensities of approximately 60 lmol ⁄ m 2 per second. At lower intensities, pathogen development was delayed, and in the dark, conidiation was completely inhibited. A dark period of 24 h after inoculation had no stimulatory effect on later mycelium development. However, 12 h of light after inoculation, followed by continuous dark, resulted in delayed mycelium development and total restriction of pathogen conidiation (evaluated 8 days postinoculation). When a longer dark period (4 days) was followed by normal photoperiod (12 h ⁄ 12 h light ⁄ dark), mycelium development accelerated and the pathogen sporulated normally. When only inoculated leaf was covered with aluminium foil while whole plant was placed in photoperiod 12 h ⁄ 12 h, the intensive mycelium development and slight subsequent sporulation on covered leaf was recorded.

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Colony development by Erysiphe graminis f.sp. hordei on isolated epidermis of barley coleoptile incubated under continuous light or short-day conditions

Cited by 11 publications

References 5 publications

Development of Erysiphe pisi (Powdery Mildew) on Normal and Albino Mutants of Pea (Pisum sativum L.)

Development of Erysiphe pisi (Powdery Mildew) on Normal and Albino Mutants of Pea (Pisum sativum L.)

Chemical-induced resistance against powdery mildew in barley: the effects of chitosan and benzothiadiazole

Influence of Temperature and Light Conditions on Germination, Growth and Conidiation ofOidium neolycopersici

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