Colonoscopic abnormalities in patients with IBD in a referral hospital in Salvador - Bahia

Abstract

Introduction: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) comprises a group of chronic and idiopathic diseases resulting from the inappropriate activation of the mucosal immune system. It has as main categories nosológical cateogories Crohn's disease -CD and Ulcerative Colitis -UC. Colonoscopy is the exam of choice to diagnose and differentiate these two main forms of IBD involvement. It may be observed that UC involves a process of contiguous disease, which affects the rectum and progresses proximally, the intestine of segmental form, characterized by having healthy areas that separate inflamed areas.Objective: To describe the changes observed in colonoscopies, of patients with indication and conclusion of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, performed at Hospital de Referênce hospital in Salvador.Methods: Case series from January 2016 to May 2017 were selected for the study, all the colonosc reports with non-defined Intestinal Inflammatory Disease, CD and UC, in the indication of the examination, at the conclusion (diagnosis) or both. The characteristics of the population and of the exams besides the colonoscopic alterations were described.Results: A total of 130 colonoscopies were studied, of which 76 (58.5%) were performed in female patients and 54 (41.5%) in the male sex. The number of exams with diagnostic impression: normal examination, was only 22 (16.9%). One hundred and eight (83.1%) exams presented different alterations such as: edema, hyperemia, erosion, ulceration, enantema, polyps, pseudopolyps and alteration of the vascular pattern. Conclusions:The study showed that changes observed in colonoscopies, especially inflammatory ones, such as: edema, hyperemia, enantema , vascular pattern alteration, erosion and ulceration, are frequently present in patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease, both in the group that still had not defined its etiology when specific for CD and UC.