Colonization of nascent, deep‐sea hydrothermal vents by a novel Archaeal and Nanoarchaeal assemblage

McCliment, Elizabeth A.; Voglesonger, K.; O’Day, Peggy A.; Dunn, E. E.; Holloway, John; Cary, S. Craig

doi:10.1111/j.1462-2920.2005.00874.x

Cited by 78 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…To date, microbial communities in nascent and mature hydrothermal deposits of active vents have been well studied (1,36,52,56,57,63,68,70,72). However, microbial communities in sulfide structures of inactive vents are poorly understood (65).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Metabolically and phylogenetically diverse chemolithoautotrophs thrive within the sulfide structures of active vents using chemical energy provided from redox reactions between reductants (e.g., H 2 , H 2 S, CH 4 , and Fe 2ϩ ) in the vent fluids and oxidants (e.g., O 2 , NO 3 Ϫ , and SO 4 2Ϫ ) in the surrounding seawater (53). The diversity and abundance of microbial communities in active vent structures have been reported (36,52,54,56,63,67,68,70,72). However, little is known about the microbial communities in sulfide structures of inactive vents with the exception of one report (65): whether and how the abundance, diversity, and composition of microbial communities within the sulfide structures change after hydrothermal activity ceases in deep-sea vent fields is currently unclear.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biogeography and Biodiversity in Sulfide Structures of Active and Inactive Vents at Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Fields of the Southern Mariana Trough

Kato

Takano

Kakegawa

et al. 2010

Appl Environ Microbiol

136

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The abundance, diversity, activity, and composition of microbial communities in sulfide structures both of active and inactive vents were investigated by culture-independent methods. These sulfide structures were collected at four hydrothermal fields, both on-and off-axis of the back-arc spreading center of the Southern Mariana Trough. The microbial abundance and activity in the samples were determined by analyzing total organic content, enzymatic activity, and copy number of the 16S rRNA gene. To assess the diversity and composition of the microbial communities, 16S rRNA gene clone libraries including bacterial and archaeal phylotypes were constructed from the sulfide structures. Despite the differences in the geological settings among the sampling points, phylotypes related to the Epsilonproteobacteria and cultured hyperthermophilic archaea were abundant in the libraries from the samples of active vents. In contrast, the relative abundance of these phylotypes was extremely low in the libraries from the samples of inactive vents. These results suggest that the composition of microbial communities within sulfide structures dramatically changes depending on the degree of hydrothermal activity, which was supported by statistical analyses. Comparative analyses suggest that the abundance, activity and diversity of microbial communities within sulfide structures of inactive vents are likely to be comparable to or higher than those in active vent structures, even though the microbial community composition is different between these two types of vents. The microbial community compositions in the sulfide structures of inactive vents were similar to those in seafloor basaltic rocks rather than those in marine sediments or the sulfide structures of active vents, suggesting that the microbial community compositions on the seafloor may be constrained by the available energy sources. Our findings provide helpful information for understanding the biogeography, biodiversity and microbial ecosystems in marine environments.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogeography and Biodiversity in Sulfide Structures of Active and Inactive Vents at Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Fields of the Southern Mariana Trough

Kato

Takano

Kakegawa

et al. 2010

Appl Environ Microbiol

136

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“…For example, in one study conducted at 13°N at East Pacific Rise, heterotrophic microorganisms were the first colonizers of a newly formed chimney structure, followed by in-growth of chemolithoautotrophs (408), whereas autrotrophs were the first colonizers of chimneys formed over a vent at the MidAtlantic Ridge (467). In a colonization experiment at chimneys with different ages, chemolithoautotrophic archaea related to Ignicoccus organisms and their Nanoarchaeum symbionts dominated the initial colonization of high-temperature chimneys, whereas heterotrophs related to Thermococcales were more abundant at mature vents (358). This study supports the hypothesis that initial chimney colonizers are autotrophic, being replaced or joined by heterotrophs within days to hours of chimney formation.…”

Section: Vol 75 2011 Microbial Ecology Of the Dark Ocean 389mentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Ecology of the Dark Ocean above, at, and below the Seafloor

Orcutt

Sylvan

Knab

et al. 2011

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

594

499

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SUMMARY The majority of life on Earth—notably, microbial life—occurs in places that do not receive sunlight, with the habitats of the oceans being the largest of these reservoirs. Sunlight penetrates only a few tens to hundreds of meters into the ocean, resulting in large-scale microbial ecosystems that function in the dark. Our knowledge of microbial processes in the dark ocean—the aphotic pelagic ocean, sediments, oceanic crust, hydrothermal vents, etc.—has increased substantially in recent decades. Studies that try to decipher the activity of microorganisms in the dark ocean, where we cannot easily observe them, are yielding paradigm-shifting discoveries that are fundamentally changing our understanding of the role of the dark ocean in the global Earth system and its biogeochemical cycles. New generations of researchers and experimental tools have emerged, in the last decade in particular, owing to dedicated research programs to explore the dark ocean biosphere. This review focuses on our current understanding of microbiology in the dark ocean, outlining salient features of various habitats and discussing known and still unexplored types of microbial metabolism and their consequences in global biogeochemical cycling. We also focus on patterns of microbial diversity in the dark ocean and on processes and communities that are characteristic of the different habitats.

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“…Recent studies have demonstrated that microbial diversity varied from vent to vent and from days to years within the same vent field (6,7). The unique mineralogical and chemical compositions of a chimney in the early stages of its formation may support a distinct pioneering microbial community (8,9). By analyzing the conserved specific functional genes (such as nifH and mcrA), the metabolic diversity of some specific organisms in the mature chimneys was partially investigated (10,11).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

GeoChip-based analysis of metabolic diversity of microbial communities at the Juan de Fuca Ridge hydrothermal vent

Wang

Zhou

Meng

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

143

111

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Deep-sea hydrothermal vents are one of the most unique and fascinating ecosystems on Earth. Although phylogenetic diversity of vent communities has been extensively examined, their physiological diversity is poorly understood. In this study, a GeoChipbased, high-throughput metagenomics technology revealed dramatic differences in microbial metabolic functions in a newly grown protochimney (inner section, Proto-I; outer section, Proto-O) and the outer section of a mature chimney (4143-1) at the Juan de Fuca Ridge. Very limited numbers of functional genes were detected in Proto-I (113 genes), whereas much higher numbers of genes were detected in Proto-O (504 genes) and 4143-1 (5,414 genes). Microbial functional genes/populations in Proto-O and Proto-I were substantially different (around 1% common genes), suggesting a rapid change in the microbial community composition during the growth of the chimney. Previously retrieved cbbL and cbbM genes involved in the Calvin Benson Bassham (CBB) cycle from deep-sea hydrothermal vents were predominant in Proto-O and 4143-1, whereas photosynthetic green-like cbbL genes were the major components in Proto-I. In addition, genes involved in methanogenesis, aerobic and anaerobic methane oxidation (e.g., ANME1 and ANME2), nitrification, denitrification, sulfate reduction, degradation of complex carbon substrates, and metal resistance were also detected. Clone libraries supported the GeoChip results but were less effective than the microarray in delineating microbial populations of low biomass. Overall, these results suggest that the hydrothermal microbial communities are metabolically and physiologically highly diverse, and the communities appear to be undergoing rapid dynamic succession and adaptation in response to the steep temperature and chemical gradients across the chimney.metagenomics ͉ microarrays ͉ chimney ͉ deep sea ͉ dynamic

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Colonization of nascent, deep‐sea hydrothermal vents by a novel Archaeal and Nanoarchaeal assemblage

Cited by 78 publications

References 37 publications

Biogeography and Biodiversity in Sulfide Structures of Active and Inactive Vents at Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Fields of the Southern Mariana Trough

Biogeography and Biodiversity in Sulfide Structures of Active and Inactive Vents at Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Fields of the Southern Mariana Trough

Microbial Ecology of the Dark Ocean above, at, and below the Seafloor

GeoChip-based analysis of metabolic diversity of microbial communities at the Juan de Fuca Ridge hydrothermal vent

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