Colonization of crop plants by fungal entomopathogens and their effects on two insect pests when in planta

Pampapathy, G.; Sword, Gregory A.; Murdoch, Gregory; McGee, Peter

doi:10.1016/j.biocontrol.2010.06.011

Cited by 247 publications

(203 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Conidia were harvested with disposable cell scrapers (Fisherbrand ® ) and placed in test tubes containing 0.01% (v/v) Tween 80 (polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate) (Merck ® ). Suspensions were vortexed for 2 min, filtered through four layers of sterile muslin, and adjusted to 1 × 10 8 conidia · ml -1 (Gurulingappa et al 2010) after cell counting in a Neubauer haemocytometer. Conidial viability was assessed before every experiment (Goettel and Inglis 1997).…”

Section: Conidial Suspensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Complete disinfection of leaves was checked by plating 100 ml of the last rinsing water of each sample onto PDA. In addition, subsamples of surface sterilized leaves were pressed against PDA to determine whether residual conidia retained the germinative potential (Gurulingappa et al 2010). Leaves were cut into six sections of approximately 1 cm 2 using a sterile scalpel.…”

Section: Evaluation Of the Presence Of Beauveria Bassiana As An Endopmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Endophytic colonisation of tomato by the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana: the use of different inoculation techniques and their effects on the tomato leafminer Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

Allegrucci¹,

Velázquez²,

Russo³

et al. 2018

Journal of Plant Protection Research

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Fungal entomopathogens can naturally regulate populations of various insects. The entomopathogen Beauveria bassiana (Bals.-Criv.) Vuill. is also able to endophytically colonize different plants. Endophytic colonization by entomopathogens may provide a source of indirect interactions between fungi and insects and has been associated with the ability of the fungus to control insect pests. The tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) is considered one of the most devastating pests of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and its difficult control is due to its miner habit, short life cycle, and high reproductive capacity. The aims of this study were: (i) to use three different techniques, i.e. leaf spraying, seed immersion and root dipping, for the endophytic inoculation of B. bassiana in tomato plants; and (ii) to assess the effect of B. bassiana on tomato leaf consumption and mortality of T. absoluta after inoculation. The percentage of colonization by B. bassiana was assessed 7, 14 and 28 days after inoculation. All inoculation techniques employed allowed the recovery of B. bassiana, although our results showed significant differences between techniques. Leaf spraying was the most effective, with the highest percentage of colonization recorded 7 days after inoculation. We also evaluated (i) the effect on the mortality of T. absoluta by direct contact with conidia of B. bassiana, and (ii) the effect on tomato leaf consumption and mortality by indirect contact through ingestion of inoculated plant tissues with B. bassiana. Mortality bioassays showed that B. bassiana infected T. absoluta, either by direct contact or indirectly, via ingestion of inoculated tomato leaves. Direct contact showed a higher percentage of mortality and a lower median survival time (MST) than indirect contact. Significant differences in the mortality percentages of T. absoluta after exposure with B. bassiana were found among the treatments and the control. Our results suggest that the endophytic inoculation of B. bassiana in tomato crops provides the basis for further investigation, which should focus on the virulence of the endophytic B. bassiana against T. absoluta.

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Section: Conidial Suspensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Evaluation Of the Presence Of Beauveria Bassiana As An Endopmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endophytic colonisation of tomato by the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana: the use of different inoculation techniques and their effects on the tomato leafminer Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

Allegrucci¹,

Velázquez²,

Russo³

et al. 2018

Journal of Plant Protection Research

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show abstract

“…Only recently, however, have fungal entomopathogens been shown to occur as endophytes, both naturally and in response to various inoculation methods 2 . The ecological function of endophytic fungal entomopathogens remains largely unknown, but some studies have implicated them in plant growth 3,4 , herbivore resistance [5][6][7][8] , and disease resistance 9,10 . The overall objective of the methods presented here is to introduce a fungal entomopathogen as an endophyte, in preparation for subsequent evaluations of endophytic biological control.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vullemin (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) is the best-studied endophytic fungal entomopathogen [5][6][7][8][9][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] , and it is available as a commercial mycopesticide. Inoculation methods tested to establish B. bassiana as an endophyte include soil drenches 14,17 , seed coatings 18 and immersions 14 , radicle dressings 13,15 , root and rhizome immersions 11,16,18 , .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inoculation methods tested to establish B. bassiana as an endophyte include soil drenches 14,17 , seed coatings 18 and immersions 14 , radicle dressings 13,15 , root and rhizome immersions 11,16,18 , . Recent evidence suggests that endophytic B. bassiana has the potential to protect plants not only from arthropod pests [5][6][7][22][23][24][25][26][27] , but also from some plant pathogens 9 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Establishing Fungal Entomopathogens as Endophytes: Towards Endophytic Biological Control

Parsa

Ortiz

Vega

2013

JoVE

120

123

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Beauveria bassiana is a fungal entomopathogen with the ability to colonize plants endophytically. As an endophyte, B. bassiana may play a role in protecting plants from herbivory and disease. This protocol demonstrates two inoculation methods to establish B. bassiana endophytically in the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), in preparation for subsequent evaluations of endophytic biological control. Plants are grown from surface-sterilized seeds for two weeks before receiving a B. bassiana treatment of 10 8 conidia/ml (or water) applied either as a foliar spray or a soil drench. Two weeks later, the plants are harvested and their leaves, stems and roots are sampled to evaluate endophytic fungal colonization. For this, samples are individually surface sterilized, cut into multiple sections, and incubated in potato dextrose agar media for 20 days. The media is inspected every 2-3 days to observe fungal growth associated with plant sections and record the occurrence of B. bassiana to estimate the extent of its endophytic colonization. Analyses of inoculation success compare the occurrence of B. bassiana within a given plant part (i.e. leaves, stems or roots) across treatments and controls. In addition to the inoculation method, the specific outcome of the experiment may depend on the target crop species or variety, the fungal entomopathogen species strain or isolate used, and the plant's growing conditions.

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The Microbe‐Free Plant: Fact or Artifact

Heil¹

2015

Biological Nitrogen Fixation

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Plant-microbe interactions are ubiquitous. Plants are threatened by pathogens, but they are even more commonly engaged in neutral or mutualistic interactions with microbes: belowground microbial plant associates are mycorrhizal fungi, Rhizobia, and plant-growth promoting rhizosphere bacteria, aboveground plant parts are colonized by internally living bacteria and fungi (endophytes) and by microbes in the phyllosphere (epiphytes). We emphasize here that a completely microbe-free plant is an exotic exception rather than the biologically relevant rule. The complex interplay of such microbial communities with the host-plant affects multiple vital parameters such as plant nutrition, growth rate, resistance to biotic and abiotic stressors, and plant survival and distribution.The mechanisms involved reach from direct ones such as nutrient acquisition, the production of plant hormones, or direct antibiosis, to indirect ones that are mediated by effects on host resistance genes or via interactions at higher trophic levels. Plant-associated microbes are heterotrophic and cause costs to their host plant, whereas the benefits depend on the current environment. Thus, the outcome of the interaction for the plant host is highly context dependent. We argue that considering the microbe-free plant as the "normal" or control stage significantly impairs research into important phenomena such as (1) phenotypic and epigenetic plasticity, (2) the "normal" ecological outcome of a given interaction, and (3) the evolution of plants. For the future, we suggest cultivation-independent screening methods using direct PCR from plant tissue of more than one fungal and bacterial gene to collect data on the true microbial diversity in wild plants. The patterns found could be correlated to host species and environmental conditions, in order to formulate testable hypotheses on the biological roles of plant endophytes in nature. Experimental approaches should compare different host-endophyte combinations under various relevant environmental conditions and study at the genetic, epigenetic, transcriptional, and physiological level the parameters that cause the interaction to shift along the mutualism-parasitism continuum.

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Colonization of crop plants by fungal entomopathogens and their effects on two insect pests when in planta

Cited by 247 publications

References 44 publications

Endophytic colonisation of tomato by the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana: the use of different inoculation techniques and their effects on the tomato leafminer Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

Endophytic colonisation of tomato by the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana: the use of different inoculation techniques and their effects on the tomato leafminer Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

Establishing Fungal Entomopathogens as Endophytes: Towards Endophytic Biological Control

The Microbe‐Free Plant: Fact or Artifact

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