“…To confirm that Paenibacillus strains are true endophytes, localization studies have to be carried out. For example, soaking seeds of cucumber ( Cucumis sativus ) in a P. polymyxa suspension led to the colonization of the inside of the seed coat, as observed by scanning electron microscopy (Park et al ., 2004). Confocal laser scanning microscopy confirmed the endophytic colonization of cucumber upon inoculation with a green fluorescent protein (GFP)‐tagged P. polymyxa strain.…”
Section: Paenibacillus As a Key Genus Of Plant‐associated Microbiomesmentioning
The bacterium Paenibacillus polymyxa is found naturally in diverse niches. Microbiome analyses have revealed enrichment in the genus Paenibacillus in soils under different adverse conditions, which is often accompanied by improved growth conditions for residing plants. Furthermore, Paenibacillus is a member of the core microbiome of several agriculturally important crops, making its close association with plants an interesting research topic. This review covers the versatile interaction possibilities of P. polymyxa with plants and its applicability in industry and agriculture. Thanks to its array of produced compounds and traits, P. polymyxa is likely an efficient plant growth-promoting bacterium, with the potential of biofertilization, biocontrol and protection against abiotic stresses. By contrast, cases of phytotoxicity of P. polymyxa have been described as well, in which growth conditions seem to play a key role. Because of its adjustable character, we propose this bacterial species as an outstanding model for future studies on host-microbe communications and on the manner how the environment can influence these interactions.
“…To confirm that Paenibacillus strains are true endophytes, localization studies have to be carried out. For example, soaking seeds of cucumber ( Cucumis sativus ) in a P. polymyxa suspension led to the colonization of the inside of the seed coat, as observed by scanning electron microscopy (Park et al ., 2004). Confocal laser scanning microscopy confirmed the endophytic colonization of cucumber upon inoculation with a green fluorescent protein (GFP)‐tagged P. polymyxa strain.…”
Section: Paenibacillus As a Key Genus Of Plant‐associated Microbiomesmentioning
The bacterium Paenibacillus polymyxa is found naturally in diverse niches. Microbiome analyses have revealed enrichment in the genus Paenibacillus in soils under different adverse conditions, which is often accompanied by improved growth conditions for residing plants. Furthermore, Paenibacillus is a member of the core microbiome of several agriculturally important crops, making its close association with plants an interesting research topic. This review covers the versatile interaction possibilities of P. polymyxa with plants and its applicability in industry and agriculture. Thanks to its array of produced compounds and traits, P. polymyxa is likely an efficient plant growth-promoting bacterium, with the potential of biofertilization, biocontrol and protection against abiotic stresses. By contrast, cases of phytotoxicity of P. polymyxa have been described as well, in which growth conditions seem to play a key role. Because of its adjustable character, we propose this bacterial species as an outstanding model for future studies on host-microbe communications and on the manner how the environment can influence these interactions.
“…This strain has therefore attracted interest as a biocontrol agent and some related studies have been conducted (Park et al . ; Ryu et al . ; Phi et al .…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Strain E681 showed potent antimicrobial activity against plant pathogenic fungi such as Rhizoctonia solani, Pythium ultimum and Fusarium oxysporum, Gramnegative bacteria such as E. coli and Pseudomonas syringae, and Gram-positive bacteria such as Micrococcus luteus and Bacillus cereus. This strain has therefore attracted interest as a biocontrol agent and some related studies have been conducted (Park et al 2004;Ryu et al 2006;Phi et al 2010;Lee et al 2013;Kwon et al 2016). To investigate genetic determinants involved in the plantbeneficial characteristics of strain E681, whole genome sequencing was performed in our previous study , and it was revealed that the strain contains at least six different antibiotic biosynthesis gene clusters.…”
Paenibacillus species are a good source of new lantibiotics, and the conservation of the paenilan gene among Paenibacillus sp. implies paenilan has an important function(s) for their survival.
“…Secreted compounds include organic acids, amino acids, proteins, sugar, phenolics, and other secondary metabolites that are readily available substrates for soil microorganisms. These compounds influence rhizosphere processes, including nutrient acquisition (e.g., acquisition of Fe and P), allelopathy, chemotaxis (e.g., between rhizobia and legumes), and the promotion of colonization of beneficial microbes on root surfaces (e.g., Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens) (Bais et al 2004;Park et al 2004).…”
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