Colonization and Establishment of the Paleartic Species Drosophila Subobscura in North and South America

Prevosti, A.; Serra, Luı́s; Aguadé, Montserrat; Ribó, Griselda; Mestres, Francesc; Balañá, J; Monclus, Maria

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-74525-6_8

Cited by 36 publications

(35 citation statements)

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“…Genetic data suggests the number of colonists was between 10 and 150 (Mestres et al 1990;Pascual et al 2001), such that the invading flies experienced a genetic bottleneck (Brncic et al 1981;Prevosti et al 1985;Rozas and Aguadé 1991;Balanya et al 1994;Pascual et al 2001). Indeed, only 23% of all inversions known in the Old World occur in New World populations (Brncic et al 1981;Prevosti et al 1988Prevosti et al , 1989, though these are by far the most common inversions in the Old World (below). These flies explosively colonized broad latitudinal ranges (Ͼ15Њ) on both continents and became subject to climatic gradients similar to those facing the ancestral Old World populations (Brncic et al 1981;Ayala et al 1989;Prevosti et al 1989).…”

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confidence: 93%

“…Indeed, only 23% of all inversions known in the Old World occur in New World populations (Brncic et al 1981;Prevosti et al 1988Prevosti et al , 1989, though these are by far the most common inversions in the Old World (below). These flies explosively colonized broad latitudinal ranges (Ͼ15Њ) on both continents and became subject to climatic gradients similar to those facing the ancestral Old World populations (Brncic et al 1981;Ayala et al 1989;Prevosti et al 1989). Consequently, the native Old World populations provide an evolutionary baseline (but see Discussion) for latitudinal patterns of variation in inversion frequency, and the New World populations serve as replicate natural experiments (Prevosti et al 1985;Ayala et al 1989;Brncic 1995).…”

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Evolutionary Pace of Chromosomal Polymorphism in Colonizing Populations of Drosophila Subobscura: An Evolutionary Time Series

et al. 2003

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Biologists have long debated the speed, uniformity, and predictability of evolutionary change. However, evaluating such patterns on a geographic scale requires time-series data on replicate sets of natural populations. Drosophila subobscura has proven an ideal model system for such studies. This fly is broadly distributed in the Old World, but was introduced into both North and South America just over two decades ago and then spread rapidly. Rapid, uniform, and predictable evolution would be demonstrated if the invading flies evolved latitudinal clines that progressively converged on those of the native populations. Evolutionary geneticists quickly capitalized on this opportunity to monitor evolutionary dynamics. Just a few years after the introduction, they surveyed chromosomal inversion frequencies in both North and South America. On both continents they detected incipient latitudinal clines in chromosome inversion frequencies that almost always had the same sign with latitude as in the Old World. Thus the initial evolution of chromosomal polymorphisms on a continental scale was remarkably rapid and consistent. Here we report newer samples of inversion frequencies for the colonizing populations: the time series now spans almost one decade for North America and almost two decades for South America. Almost all inversions in the New World continue to show the same sign of frequency with latitude as in the Old World. Nevertheless, inversion clines have not consistently increased in steepness over time; nor have they consistently continued to converge on the Old World baseline. However, five arrangements in South America show directional, continentwide shifts in frequency. Overall, the initial consistency of clinal evolutionary trajectories seen in the first surveys seems not to have been maintained.

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confidence: 93%

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Evolutionary Pace of Chromosomal Polymorphism in Colonizing Populations of Drosophila Subobscura: An Evolutionary Time Series

et al. 2003

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“…Indeed, evolutionary geneticists quickly recognized this opportunity to study evolution in action and seized upon this ''grand experiment in evolution'' (Ayala et al 1989). In studies made less than a decade after the invasion, researchers discovered that both the North and South American populations had evolved latitudinal clines in chromosomal inversion frequencies that were generally in the same direction (though not nearly as steep) as in the native Old World populations (Brncic et al 1981;Prevosti et al 1985Prevosti et al , 1987Prevosti et al , 1988Prevosti et al , 1989Prevosti et al , 1990Balanyà et al 2003). Thus, the evolution of clines in inversion frequencies was remarkably rapid and predictable, at least in general direction.…”

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A Time Series of Evolution in Action: A Latitudinal Cline in Wing Size in South American Drosophila Subobscura

et al. 2004

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Drosophila subobscura is geographically widespread in the Old World. Around the late 1970s, it was accidentally introduced into both South and North America, where it spread rapidly over broad latitudinal ranges. This invading species offers opportunities to study the speed and predictability of trait evolution on a geographic scale. One trait of special interest is body size, which shows a strong and positive latitudinal cline in many Drosophila species, including Old World D. subobscura. Surveys made about a decade after the invasion found no evidence of a size cline in either North or South America. However, a survey made in North America about two decades after the invasion showed that a conspicuous size cline had evolved and (for females) was coincident with that for Old World flies. We have now conducted parallel studies on 10 populations (13 degrees of latitude) of flies, collected in Chile in spring 1999. After rearing flies in the laboratory for several generations, we measured wing sizes and compared geographic patterns (versus latitude or temperature) for flies on all three continents. South American females have now evolved a significant latitudinal size cline that is similar in slope to that of Old World and of North American flies. Rates of evolution (haldanes) for females are among the highest ever measured for quantitative traits. In contrast, the size cline is positive but not significant for South or North American males. At any given latitude, South American flies of both sexes are relatively large; this in part reflects the relatively cool climate of coastal Chile. Interestingly, the sections of the wing that generate the size cline for females differ among all three continents. Thus, although the evolution of overall wing size is predictable on a geographic scale (at least for females), the evolution of size of particular wing components is decidedly not.

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“…This species spread rapidly in both colonized areas. It is now found throughout Chile, from La Serena to Punta Arenas, and along the West Coast of North America (3,4). This evolutionary phenomenon of colonization has been studied from both ecological and genetic points of view.…”

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Colonization of America byDrosophila subobscura: Heterotic effect of chromosomal arrangements revealed by the persistence of lethal genes

Mestres

Balanyà

Arenas

et al. 2001

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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About 20 years ago Drosophila subobscura, a native Palearctic species, colonized both North and South America. In Palearctic populations lethal genes are not associated in general with particular chromosomal arrangements. In colonizing populations they are not randomly distributed and usually are associated to a different degree with chromosomal arrangements caused by the founder event. The persistence of two lethal genes in the colonizing populations, one completely associated with the O5 inversion and the other partially associated with the O3؉4؉7 arrangement, has been analyzed. In all populations studied (five North American and six South American) the observed frequency of the lethal gene completely associated with the O5 inversion is higher than expected, the difference being statistically significant in all South American and one North American populations. The observed frequency of the lethal gene partially associated with the O3؉4؉7 arrangement is also significantly higher than expected. Taking into account that the O5 inversion exhibits significant latitudinal clines both in North and South America, an overdominant model favoring the heterokaryotypes seems to be in operation. From this model, a polynomial expression has been developed that allows us to estimate the relative fitness and the coefficient of selection against all karyotypes not carrying the O5 inversion. The relative fitness of the O5 heterokaryotypes is higher in South American than in North American populations. Furthermore, the observed frequencies of the lethal genes studied are in general very close to those of the equilibrium. This case is an outstanding demonstration in nature of an heterotic effect of chromosomal segments associated with lethal genes on a large geographic scale.

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Colonization and Establishment of the Paleartic Species Drosophila Subobscura in North and South America

Cited by 36 publications

References 5 publications

Evolutionary Pace of Chromosomal Polymorphism in Colonizing Populations of Drosophila Subobscura: An Evolutionary Time Series

Evolutionary Pace of Chromosomal Polymorphism in Colonizing Populations of Drosophila Subobscura: An Evolutionary Time Series

A Time Series of Evolution in Action: A Latitudinal Cline in Wing Size in South American Drosophila Subobscura

Colonization of America byDrosophila subobscura: Heterotic effect of chromosomal arrangements revealed by the persistence of lethal genes

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