Colonization and Establishment of Missouri Prairie Plants on Artificial Soil Disturbances. I. Dynamics of Forb and Graminoid Seedlings and Shoots

Rapp, Jody K.; Rabinowitz, Deborah

doi:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1985.tb08426.x

Cited by 43 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…By contrast, in wet grassland, MILBERG (1993) concluded that the seed bank was the main source of seedlings emerging after gap creation but these seedlings contributed very little to the colonization, which was clearly dominated by vegetative regrowth. In our case and as reported from perennial grasslands elsewhere (RAPP & RABINOWITZ 1985, MILBERG 1993, KOTANEN 1997, MARIOTT et al 1997, rapid vegetative spread was also a characteristic trait of species present in gaps. The importance of this trait was not surprising considering the high proportion of species using this strategy in perennial grasslands (KLIMEŠ et al 1997, MACEK & LEPŠ 2003.…”

Section: Functional Traits Of the Regenerative Phasesupporting

confidence: 87%

Effect of cattle activities on gap colonization in mountain pastures

et al. 2006

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Cattle influences gap dynamics in pastures in two ways: (1) by creating gaps and (2) by affecting the colonization process. This effect of cattle activity on gap revegetation can be subdivided in three main factors: herbage removal, trampling and dung and urine deposition. The objective of this study was to assess how these three effects moderate the plant succession following gap creation.In an exclosure, four controlled treatments simulating cattle activity (repeated mowing, trampling, manuring and untreated control) were applied on plots of 2´2 m. In the centre of each plot, one artificial gap of 606 0 cm was created. During three years, vegetation changes were monitored in spring and in autumn, with a square grid of 100 cells of 0.01 m 2 centred on the gap. Our experiment confirmed that fine-scale gap creation may have a high impact on relative abundances of species in the community. The gap environment acts on species as a filter and this filtering was described in terms of regenerative attributes. Colonizers were species with small seeds, unspecialized seed dispersal, persistent seed bank and high vegetation spread. However, the role of dung deposition, herbage removal or trampling by cattle did not seem to be of primary importance in the revegetation process, but could moderate vegetation response. Therefore, the different cattle effects act as secondary filters that selectively favoured or disadvantaged different species from the gap-regenerating community. These complex interactions are probably keys to understand plant coexistence in perennial grasslands.

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Section: Functional Traits Of the Regenerative Phasesupporting

confidence: 87%

Effect of cattle activities on gap colonization in mountain pastures

et al. 2006

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“…In contrast to temporal variation in seed-limited recruitment, spatial variation in seed-limited recruitment in the model is meant to simulate small-scale disturbances (such as gopher mounds) that open up sites for germination (Rapp and Rabinowitz 1985;Milton et al 1997;Edwards and Crawley 1999). On this small spatial scale, these "disturbed" sites produce local hotspots where recruitment is seed-limited.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Consumer pressure, seed versus safe-site limitation, and plant population dynamics

Maron¹,

Gardner

2000

Oecologia

102

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Plants often suffer reductions in fecundity due to insect herbivory. Whether this loss of seeds has population-level consequences is much debated and often unknown. For many plants, particularly those with long-lived seedbanks, it is frequently asserted that herbivores have minimal impacts on plant abundance because safe-site availability rather than absolute seed number determines the magnitude of future plant recruitment and hence population abundance. However, empirical tests of this assertion are generally lacking and the interplay between herbivory, spatio-temporal variability in seed- or safe-site-limited recruitment, and seedbank dynamics is likely to be complex. Here we use a stochastic simulation model to explore how changes in the spatial and temporal frequency of seed-limited recruitment, the strength of density-dependent seedling survival, and longevity of seeds in the soil influence the population response to herbivory. Model output reveals several surprising results. First, given a seedbank, herbivores can have substantial effects on mean population abundance even if recruitment is primarily safe-site-limited in either time or space. Second, increasing seedbank longevity increases the population effects of herbivory, because annual reductions in seed input due to herbivory are accumulated in the seedbank. Third, population impacts of herbivory are robust even in the face of moderately strong density-dependent seedling mortality. These results imply that the conditions under which herbivores influence plant population dynamics may be more widespread than heretofore expected. Experiments are now needed to test these predictions.

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“…a An increase of relative abundance of competitive grasses of the C-S-R and C types in the C-S-R model of primary strategies (C competitive, S stress-tolerant, R ruderal) proposed by Grime et al (1988) by increasing stocking rate, b an increase of relative abundance of forbs with a stocking rate decrease, c an increase of relative abundance of stress-tolerant grasses of the S and S-C types of the same model with a stocking rate decrease, and d an increase of relative abundance of legumes when stocking rate increases (modified from Dumont et al 2009) establishment (Watt and Gibson 1988) or re-growth from vegetative parts (Amiaud and Touzard 2004;Milberg 1993). The literature on the role of gap dynamics in herbaceous communities in relation to grazing seasonality is extensive (Bullock et al 1995;Chambers 1993;Edwards and Crawley 1999;Rapp and Rabinowitz 1985). Gap creation during winter seems to be more important for the establishment of dicotyledonous species than reduced competition from dominant grasses through intensive summer grazing (Bullock et al 1994;Watt et al 1996).…”

Section: Grazing Seasonalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Grazing seasonality ↑ Ruderal and competitive species Bullock et al 2001;Gibson and Brown 1991;Sternberg et al 2000;Watt et al 1996 Trampling induces gaps, which are favorable for seed recruitment and maintenance of species Amiaud and Touzard 2004;Bullock et al 1995;Chambers 1993;Edwards and Crawley 1999;Milberg 1993;Rapp and Rabinowitz 1985;Watt and Gibson 1988 Establishment capacities…”

Section: Stocking Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Factors and processes affecting plant biodiversity in permanent grasslands. A review

Gaujour¹,

Amiaud²,

Mignolet³

et al. 2011

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

143

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Research has delivered convincing findings on the effect of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning and humankind. Indeed, ecosystems provide provisioning, regulating, supporting, and cultural services. The global value of annual ecosystem services of grasslands and rangelands is about US$ 232 ha −1 year −1 . Nevertheless, the precise evaluation of biodiversity benefits remains challenging. This issue is due to valuation methods, subjective assumptions, and complexity of drivers of plant community dynamics. Here, we review the primary factors that influence plant diversity of permanent grasslands, and we describe underlying processes. These factors must indeed be identified to focus policies meant to preserve and restore plant diversity and to advise farmers about efficient decision rules. We show that plant dynamics of permanent grasslands cannot be explained simply by agricultural management rules, e.g., grazing, fertilization, and mowing, implemented at the field scale. The configuration of the surrounding landscape, e.g., landscape heterogeneity, habitat fragmentation, and connectivity, acts as a species filter that defines the regional species pool and controls seed flow. The regional species pool often contains higher species richness in a heterogeneous landscape, because of a higher diversity of suitable habitats. This regional pool could be a major species sources for permanent grasslands according to the seed flow. We discuss the need to consider all of these factors to understand plant species composition of permanent grasslands and the necessity to study plant communities using both taxonomic and functional approaches. In order to report this integrative approach, we propose a conceptual model based on three ecological challengesdispersal, establishment, and persistence-that are considered to act as filters on plant diversity, and a graphical representation of the complexity of such studies due to the interaction effects between plant dispersal abilities, forage productivity, disturbances induced by farming practices, and landscape heterogeneity on plant diversity. Last, we discuss the ability of farmers to manage each factor and the necessity of such study in the improvement of the current agro-environment schemes efficiency for farmland biodiversity restoration or preservation.

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Colonization and Establishment of Missouri Prairie Plants on Artificial Soil Disturbances. I. Dynamics of Forb and Graminoid Seedlings and Shoots

Cited by 43 publications

References 32 publications

Effect of cattle activities on gap colonization in mountain pastures

Effect of cattle activities on gap colonization in mountain pastures

Consumer pressure, seed versus safe-site limitation, and plant population dynamics

Factors and processes affecting plant biodiversity in permanent grasslands. A review

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