Colonisation and succession of marine biofilm-dwelling ciliate assemblages on biocidal antifouling and fouling-release coatings in temperate Australia

Abstract

Ciliate assemblages are often overlooked, but ubiquitous components of microbial biofilms which require a better understanding. Ciliate, diatom and bacterial colonisation were evaluated on two fouling-release (FR) coatings, viz. Intersleek 970 and Hempasil X3, and two biocidal antifouling (AF) coatings, viz. Intersmooth 360 and Interspeed 5640, in Port Phillip Bay, Australia. A total of 15 genera were identified during the 10 week deployment. Intersleek 970 displayed the most rapid fouling by ciliates, reaching 63.3(± 5.9) cells cm(-2). After 10 weeks, all four coatings were extensively fouled. However, the toxicity of the AF coatings still significantly inhibited microbial fouling compared to the FR coatings. On all treatments, colonies of sessile peritrichs dominated the ciliate assemblage in the early stage of succession, but as the biofilm matured, vagile ciliates exerted more influence on the assemblage structure. The AF coatings showed selective toxic effects, causing significant differences in the ciliate species assemblages among the treatments.

Construction of a temperature-responsive terpolymer coating with recyclable bactericidal and self-cleaning antimicrobial properties

“…It has been reported that a hydrophobic surface is suitable for bacteria adhesion, and a hydrophilic surface can resist bacteria adhesion. 55,56 After cold water washing, both silicon and P0-2-3 brush surfaces showed a reduction in the number of bacteria (Fig. 6a′ and d′).…”

Study on the Difference of Prokaryotic Flora Structure on the Surface of Micro-nano Coating with Different Antifouling Property

“…(4) In each biofilm sample group, Gracilibacteria was more abundant in RS10 and RS11, which were 4.18% and 8.23%, respectively. It indicates that the content of Gracilibacteria decreased rapidly with time (5). As the…”

“…Also, it has a similar tendency to change in poor coatings. (5) In the bacterial community of each biofilm sample, Cycloclasticus appeared in large numbers. Studies have been conducted to show that Cycloclasticus may be destructive to antifouling coatings [20].…”

“…Low surface energy antifouling coatings with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as the main raw material are the hotspots of marine antifouling coatings research, and the most promising antifouling coatings in the future marine antifouling field [4]. It utilizes the characteristics of low surface energy to reduce the adhesion efficiency of marine fouling organisms, making it difficult to adhere firmly to the surface of hull or marine building facilities, thereby inhibiting the growth of marine fouling organisms [5], though the already acquired antifouling capacity of PDMS is far away from satisfaction. PDMS coating is inefficient in both antifouling capacity and mechanical property.…”

Influence of Biodegradable Polymer Properties on Antifouling Paints Activity

“…Furthermore, recently, several studies have focused on biofilm communities present on fouling release coatings and to a lesser extent on antifouling paints immersed in natural seawater [22,23,24,25,26,27,28]. Commercially biocidal coatings exhibit high efficiency in preventing macrofouling and significantly resist, but not totally inhibit, the formation of microfouling [29,30,31]. It has been shown that coatings subjected to identical immersion conditions reflected differences in microbial fouling communities that were attributed to the coating type, its functions and its biocide composition [22,26,29].…”