Colonisation and shedding of Lawsonia intracellularis in experimentally inoculated rodents and in wild rodents on pig farms

Collins, A. M.; Fell, Shayne A.; Pearson, Hayley E.; Toribio, J.

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.01.020

Cited by 37 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Pigs can shed the bacteria from seven days to over twelve weeks post inoculation (Kroll et al 2005) while DB-A mice shed no later than the 21 dpi, based on the present study. Nevertheless, typical major lesions and bacterial shedding occurred in mice strains 14 dpi, similar to what is described in pigs and rats (Collins et al 2011, Macintyre et al 2003.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…It is of great interest to establish possible mechanisms of transmission of L. intracellularis (Guedes & Gebhart 2003b). Subclinically affected pigs are the main source of infection to susceptible animals, however, outbreaks of PE on farms never before populated or replaced with animals from farms with no clinical history of the disease have been discussed (Collins et al 2011). Recently, a study demonstrated the risk that rodents pose in the transmission of L. intracellularis to naive pigs and highlights the need for PE eradication programs to focus on the removal of rodents from pig farms (Coolins et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rats and mice represent a potential reservoir, particularly for pigs, where the environment is likely to be cohabited by rodents (Collins et al 2011. The susceptibility of laboratory mice to L. intracellularis was proven by experimental infection (Smith et al 2000) however, the occurrence of PE lesions varies among different mouse strains.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Infection of sparrows (Passer domesticus) and different mice strains with Lawsonia intracellularis

et al. 2013

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The susceptibility of sparrows (Passer domesticus) and strains of mice (Swiss, BALB/c, C-57 and DB-A) to Lawsonia intracellularis infection was studied. Thirty-two sparrows were inoculated with pure culture of L. intracellularis and eleven received sham inoculum. Feces were collected on -1, 7, 14 and 21 days post infection (dpi) for detection of L. intracellularis by PCR. After 21 days, all sparrows were euthanized and the tissues processed for histology and immunohistochemistry (IHC). One hundred sixty mice of four different strains (n=40, per strain) were used. For each mouse strain, 16 animals received mucosa homogenate from a pig infected with L. intracellularis, 16 received pure culture of L. intracellularis and eight animals received sham inoculum. Two control and four inoculated mice from each group were euthanized on 7, 14, 21 and 28 dpi. Sections of intestine were collected for histologic analysis and IHC and pooled feces were collected for L. intracellularis PCR. None of the sparrows had any histologic lesions characteristic of proliferative enteropathy or antigen labeling by IHC. All sparrow fecal samples were negative by PCR. All mice strains studied had histopathological lesions typical of PE and IHC labeling consistent with L. intracellularis infection, especially those animals inoculated with pure culture. The most severe lesions were observed in DB-A and Swiss mice. Fecal shedding was detected in all mice strains, with peak at 14 dpi. We conclude that sparrows do not seem to be relevant in the epidemiology of L. intracellularis. The results showed variations in the lesions among the four mice strains used. C-57 e DB-A) à infecção por L. intracellularis foi testada. Trinta e dois pardais foram inoculados com cultura pura de L. intracellularis e onze receberam placebo. As fezes foram coletadas nos dias -1, 7, 14 e 21 após a infecção (dpi) para a detecção de Lawsonia intracellularis por PCR. Após 21 dias, todos os pardais foram eutanasiados e os tecidos processados para a realização da histologia e imuno-histoquímica (IHQ

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Infection of sparrows (Passer domesticus) and different mice strains with Lawsonia intracellularis

et al. 2013

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“…Regarding the recent publication stating that rodents may be an important reservoir of L. intracellularis [16], L. intracellularis could be transmitted from domestic pigs to wild animals through infected rodents, and then the infection could be maintained within individual social groups of animals, e.g., within domestic pigs or within domestic pigs, through fecal contamination. However, the possibility that wild boars infected with L. intracellularis could be a significant transmission source of this disease to domestic pigs cannot be ruled out.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of porcine proliferative enteropathy among wild boars in the Republic of Korea

Yeh

2014

BMC Vet Res

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BackgroundThe importance of the wild boar as a reservoir of Lawsonia intracellularis was assessed by investigating the seroprevalence of this pathogen among wild boars in the Republic of Korea. The extent of exposure to L. intracellularis among wild boars (Sus scrofa coreanus) was monitored by a country-wide serological survey using an immunoperoxidase monolayer assay.ResultsIn this study, antibodies to L. intracellularis were observed in 165 of 716 clinically healthy wild boars tested. The overall apparent prevalence calculated directly from the sample and the true prevalence calculated based on the accuracy of the test method were 23.0% (95% confidence interval: 20.0-26.3%) and 25.6% (95% confidence interval: 23.9-27.2%), respectively. Serologically positive animals were found in all the tested provinces.ConclusionsOur results confirm that L. intracellularis is present in the wild boar population worldwide, even in Far East Asia. Despite the high seroprevalence shown in wild boars, further studies are warranted to evaluate their potential as a reservoir species because seroprevalence does not prove ongoing infection nor shedding of the bacteria in amounts sufficient to infect other animals. It should also be determined whether the wild boar, like the domestic pig, is a natural host of L. intracellularis.

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“…The involvement of wild animals as biological vectors for L. intracellularis in the pig production system has also been investigated. Using quantitative PCR, Collins et al [33] recently identified rats trapped in endemic pig farms shedding less than 10 5 L. intracellularis/g of feces. However, these authors also reported that a small proportion of rats shed more than 10 8 bacteria per gram of feces.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of host adaptation in Lawsonia intracellularis infections

Vannucci

Pusterla

Mapes

et al. 2012

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science

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Background: Lawsonia intracellularis is the causative agent of proliferative enteropathy, an endemic disease in pigs and an emerging concern in horses. Enterocyte hyperplasia is a common lesion in every case but there are differences regarding clinical and pathological presentations among affected species. We hypothesize that host susceptibility to L. intracellularis infection depends on the species of origin of the bacterial isolate. The objective of this study was to evaluate the susceptibilities of pigs and horses to L. intracellularis infection using either a porcine or an equine isolate. Materials and methods: Twelve foals and eighteen pigs were equally divided into three groups and infected with either a porcine or an equine isolate (10 9 L. Intracellularis/challenged animal), and a saline solution (negative control group). The animals were monitored regarding clinical signs, average of daily weight gain, fecal shedding of the bacteria by PCR and humoral serological response. Results: Foals infected with the equine isolate developed moderate to severe clinical signs and maintained a lower average of weight gain compared to control foals. Fecal quantitative PCR in equine isolate-infected foals revealed higher amounts of bacterial DNA associated with longer duration of shedding compared with porcine isolateinfected foals. All four foals infected with the equine isolate demonstrated higher IgG titers in the serum compared with porcine isolate-infected foals. In the pig trial, diarrhea and seroconversion were only observed in animals infected with the porcine isolate. Pathological changes typical of proliferative enteropathy were observed in the necropsied foal infected with equine isolate and in the two necropsied pigs infected with the porcine isolate. Conclusions: Evident clinical signs, longer periods of bacterial shedding and stronger serologic immune responses were observed in animals infected with species-specific isolates. These results show that host susceptibility is driven by the origin of the isolated L. intracellularis strain.

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Colonisation and shedding of Lawsonia intracellularis in experimentally inoculated rodents and in wild rodents on pig farms

Cited by 37 publications

References 15 publications

Infection of sparrows (Passer domesticus) and different mice strains with Lawsonia intracellularis

Infection of sparrows (Passer domesticus) and different mice strains with Lawsonia intracellularis

Seroprevalence of porcine proliferative enteropathy among wild boars in the Republic of Korea

Evidence of host adaptation in Lawsonia intracellularis infections

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