Colonialism 1870–1945

Caricom countries and the Irrelevance of economic smallness

“…Fieldhouse said that 'the real criticism that can be leveled against colonial governments is thus that they put pressure on Africans to grow crops for export in some regions where it was uneconomic to do so as an alternative to growing food for their own subsistence'. 34 The small countries of Caricom, too, were encouraged to grow commodities for export as an alternative to growing food for their own consumption. It may be difficult today to convince anyone unfamiliar with the early history of colonisation in Barbados that that small island once had a THE IRREVELANCE OF ECONOMIC SMALLNESS relatively diversified agricultural sector.…”

Neo‐Colonial Aspects of Global Intellectual Property Protection

“…The classical colonial era has come to an end; when exactly, is unclear, probably with decolonization from the 1960s that lasted until about the 1980s (Osterhammel, 1997, p. 115, p. 118). Besides the formal colonial empire in the classical age of colonialism between 1914 and 1945 (Fieldhouse, 1983, p. 112), there always existed an “informal empire” in which a nominally independent and sovereign state without a colonial administration was nevertheless exposed to selectively applied pressure. This usually occurred in the form of trade sanctions and unequal treaties, but also through military threat.…”

“…This concept of the “informal empire” has been applied to the situation that countries found themselves in after decolonization in the third quarter of the twentieth century. It was originally Marxist and neo‐Marxist writers who pointed out that the primary aim and effect of the “informal empire” of European capitalism in less developed countries was to exploit their resources and to “underdevelop” them (Fieldhouse, 1983, p. 9; Gallagher and Robinson, 1964; p. 103; Mommsen, 1982, p. 125) 1 . However, one should not reduce this phenomenon to the restricting interpretation of Marxist historical determinism 2 .…”

“…Political prestige and strategy are merely relevant to serve commercial interests but play almost no separate role. Hence, no formal political control in the dependent state is sought (compare Fieldhouse, 1983, p. 53; Osterhammel, 1997, p. 20).…”

Perspective in Africana Feminism; Exploring Expressions of Black Feminism/Womanism in the African Diaspora

“…Its indigenous political systems and markets are destroyed, and a new economy is created both within the colony and globally. Further, according to Historian D. K. Fieldhouse “its government, social, legal, educational, cultural and religious life is moulded by alien hands and its economy is structured to meet the needs of European capitalism”(1981, p. 11).…”