Colombia: Legal Loopholes Behind Illegal Gold Trade

Mengoa, Maria Eugenia Robles; Urán, Alexandra

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-38486-9_8

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Although only a reduced number of new large‐scale projects initiated during this period, the presence of mining companies with financial resources to undergo the expensive process of acquiring a mining title reduced the chances of ASM miners to secure titles in the same areas. They were displaced to more remote areas, where they often found themselves working in operations linked to illicit activities (Robles Mengoa & Urán, 2020).…”

Section: Results: Interorganizational Coordination Policy Game Dynamics and Policy Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interviews conducted in 2019, with representatives of the MinAmbiente (delegate of the Minister of MEM, personal communication, Colombia, October 2018–April 2019), the ANM (president of the Mining Chamber of Colombia, personal communication, October 2018–April 2019), and the UPME (director of UPME, personal communication, Colombia, October 2018–April 2019) confirm that effective coordination through this new design is still an elusive target. In 2019, most ASM operations remained informal (Robles Mengoa & Urán, 2020, p. 154), and the intersectoral board for coordination with environmental authorities did not yet exist (delegate of the Minister of MEM, personal communication, Colombia, October 2018–April 2019). Even the organizations within the mining sector (UPME, MME, and ANM) lack specific and permanent forums for coordination (director of UPME, personal communication, Colombia, October 2018–April 2019).…”

Section: Results: Interorganizational Coordination Policy Game Dynamics and Policy Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In terms of legalization and the promotion of LSM, the creation of ANM to manage the requests for new permits reduced response times and streamlined administrative procedures. Yet, some analysts argue that, despite the increase in exported volumes, the current policy leaves limited revenue for the state, due to unfavorable economic conditions (Roa et al, 2011; Robles Mengoa & Urán, 2020; Vélez‐Torres, 2014).…”

Section: Results: Interorganizational Coordination Policy Game Dynamics and Policy Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It includes large‐scale operations targeting coal, ferronickel, and gold, while the main targets in Ecuador are gold and copper. Moreover, large‐scale and ASM operations are spread across multiple jurisdictions across in Colombia (Robles Mengoa & Urán, 2020). On the other hand, Ecuador has only two large‐scale projects in operation in the southeastern provinces, while ASM and illegal extraction concentrate in four provinces (Cisneros, 2014).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Policy designs for interorganizational coordination: Lessons from failures in governing the mining sector in Colombia and Ecuador

Cisneros

2021

Latin American Policy

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Scholars of mining policies are beginning to understand how the most recent boom in commodity prices (2000–2014) influenced the institutional development of the mining sector in Latin America. We contribute to this literature by studying the design, dynamics, and outcomes of interorganizational coordination in Colombia and Ecuador. Our findings show that, despite their divergent policies, both countries failed to integrate the mining sector's three main policy games—formalizing artisan and small‐scale operations, increasing the number of large‐scale projects, and tackling illegal extraction. Several characteristics of the design of coordination initiatives influenced policy failure—the reliance on hierarchy mechanisms to motivate coordination, the lack of specificity of the coordination mandates, and the lack of specific resources for coordination. Contextual factors also shaped the dynamics and outcomes of coordination. The limited geographical spread of artisanal and small‐scale mining and of illegal extraction, the environmental sector's weakness, and the creation of a multilayered structure for public‐sector coordination contributed to policy effectiveness in Ecuador. On the other hand, the ample spread of artisanal and small‐scale mining and of illegal extraction, the lack of a clear coordinating structure, and the environmental sector's growing vigor contributed to sustained policy failure in Colombia.

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Section: Results: Interorganizational Coordination Policy Game Dynamics and Policy Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Results: Interorganizational Coordination Policy Game Dynamics and Policy Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Results: Interorganizational Coordination Policy Game Dynamics and Policy Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Policy designs for interorganizational coordination: Lessons from failures in governing the mining sector in Colombia and Ecuador

Cisneros

2021

Latin American Policy

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Evaluation of the Effect of Gold Mining on the Water Quality in Monterrey, Bolívar (Colombia)

Martín

Arias

López

et al. 2020

Water

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Gold mining uses chemicals that are discharged into rivers without any control when there are no good mining practices, generating environmental and public health problems, especially for downstream inhabitants who use the water for consumption, as is the case in Monterrey township, where the Boque River water is consumed. In this study, we evaluate Boque River water quality analyzing some physicochemical parameters such as pH, heavy metals, Hg, and cyanide; bioassays (Lactuca sativa, Hydra attenuata, and Daphnia magna), mutagenicity (Ames test), and microbiological assays. The results show that some physicochemical parameters exceed permitted concentrations (Hg, Cd, and cyanide). D. magna showed sensitivity and L. sativa showed inhibition and excessive growth in the analyzed water. Mutagenic values were obtained for all of the sample stations. The presence of bacteria and somatic coliphages in the water show a health risk to inhabitants. In conclusion, the presence of Cd, Hg, and cyanide in the waters for domestic consumption was evidenced in concentrations that can affect the environment and the health of the Monterrey inhabitants. The mutagenic index indicates the possibility of mutations in the population that consumes this type of water. Bioassays stand out as an alert system when concentrations of chemical contaminants cannot be analytically detected.

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Colombia: Legal Loopholes Behind Illegal Gold Trade

Cited by 2 publications

References 8 publications

Policy designs for interorganizational coordination: Lessons from failures in governing the mining sector in Colombia and Ecuador

Policy designs for interorganizational coordination: Lessons from failures in governing the mining sector in Colombia and Ecuador

Evaluation of the Effect of Gold Mining on the Water Quality in Monterrey, Bolívar (Colombia)

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