25Phosphoinositides (PIPs) and their regulatory enzymes are key players in many cellular 26 processes and are required for aspects of vertebrate development. Dysregulated PIP 27 metabolism has been implicated in several human diseases, including a subset of 28 skeletal myopathies that feature structural defects in the triad. The role of PIPs in 29 skeletal muscle formation, and particularly triad biogenesis, has yet to be determined. 30 CDP-diacylglycerol-inositol 3-phosphatidyltransferase (CDIPT) catalyzes the formation 31 of phosphatidylinositol, which is the base of all PIP species. Loss of CDIPT should, in 32 theory, result in the failure to produce PIPs, and thus provide a strategy for establishing 33 the requirement for PIPs during embryogenesis. In this study, we generated cdipt 34 mutant zebrafish and determined the impact on skeletal myogenesis. Analysis of cdipt 35 mutant muscle revealed no apparent global effect on early muscle development.
36However, small but significant defects were observed in triad size, with T-tubule area, 37 inter terminal cisternae distance and gap width being smaller in cdipt mutants. This was 38 associated with a decrease in motor performance. Overall, these data suggest that 39 myogenesis in zebrafish does not require de novo PIP synthesis but does implicate a 40 role for CDIPT in triad formation. 3 41 4 64 been implicated in a number of human diseases, such as congenital myopathies, 65 Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease (CMT), Alzheimer's disease, and some forms of cancer 66 The consideration of a potential role for PIPs in muscle development comes from two 68 areas of study. One is the work surrounding BIN1, a BAR domain-containing protein 69 that is known to recognize and induce membrane curvature (Peter et al., 2004); (Frost 70 et al., 2009). BIN1 has a PIP-binding domain that interacts with PIP2 (one of the seven 71 PIP sub-species), and this interaction plays a critical role in the formation of T-tubules. 72 Recessive mutations in BIN1 result in centronuclear myopathy, a severe congenital 73 muscle disease featuring abnormal muscle structure including disturbance of the T-74 tubule and the triad as a whole. The second line of evidence comes from another form 75 of centronuclear myopathy called X-linked myotubular myopathy or XLMTM (Dowling et 76 al., 2009) (Amoasii et al., 2012). XLMTM is caused by mutations in the PIP 77 phosphatase myotubularin. Mutation in myotubularin causes accumulation of PI3P and 78 leads to abnormalities in the appearance and number of the triad. 79 In this study, we investigated the role of PIPs in skeletal muscle triad development using 80 the zebrafish model system. Zebrafish is an elegant model for studying skeletal muscle 81 development (Gibbs et al., 2013). Skeletal muscle develops rapidly in zebrafish, muscle 82 fibers are already developing by 24 hours post-fertilization (hpf), with elongated fibers 83 visible by 2 days post-fertilization (dpf). Skeletal muscle is highly prominent in embryos 84 and larvae, and the transparency of developing...