“…Caribbean communities, like many ethnic minority groups, have experienced racism and discrimination stemming from their colonial and postcolonial pasts (see e.g., Fanon, 1967;Leavy et al, 2004;Phillips and Potter, 2006a,b;Potter and Phillips, 2006). Such racism and discrimination have often infl uenced the economic and social opportunities available to West Indian migrants (Davidson, 1969;Taylor, 1969;Toren, 1976;Cross, 1994;Modood et al, 1997). For example, Caribbean men are among those with the highest rate of unemployment in the UK, the level being three times as high as that of their white counterparts (Offi ce for National Statistics, 2006).…”