Colloidal Chemistry in Water Treatment

Abstract

Water purification has made practical use of the concepts of colloidal chemistry. Coagulation is now governed by pH factors, and the operation and design of mixing basins are in accordance with the principles reviewed in this paper.Utilization of sulfate adsorption has increased plant efficiency by giving a precise value to optimum flocculation, while adsorptive beds are no longer considered as a phase of the rule-of-thumb operation.Since proper coagulation of water is the controlling factor in plant efficiency, it is obvious that better sedimentation and filtration procedures follow in relationship. Therefore, the assumption that efficient purification processes are in accordance with the advancement of colloidal chemical knowledge is correct.

Stabilization of Colloidal Suspensions: Competing Effects of Nanoparticle Halos and Depletion Mechanism

“…This is because the applications of colloidal particles in many aspects often involve the use of nanometer-sized polymers or particles (hereafter called nanoparticles). Examples include cosmetics, water treatment, foodstuffs, paints, and inks, only to mention a few. Nanoparticles may be adsorbed to the colloidal particles, chemically attached to their surfaces, or free in solution.…”

Evidence of Size Stratification in Colloidal Glass Microgranules Realized by Rapid Evaporative Assembly

“…Colloids are ubiquitous and are used extensively as the primary ingredient for various useful products in everyday life, such as food, pharmaceuticals, paper industries, water purification, paints, agriculture, and many more. − In a colloidal dispersion, one mesoscopic insoluble phase is dispersed in another continuous medium, and the colloidal stability is controlled by a crucial balance between the repulsive and attractive interactions, which are governed by the dispersed nanoparticles as well as the continuous phase. Expeditious removal of the continuous phase induces an attractive capillary force − that gives rise to sudden crowding and ultimately leads to the interlocking of the nanoparticles deep inside the potential minimum in their energy landscape.…”

Aluminum in Tobacco Products Available in the United States

“…Human exposure to aluminum may occur through different routes such as ingestion, dermal absorption, and inhalation. People can potentially be exposed to aluminum in municipal water treated with aluminum salts (8), consumer products such as antacids that contain aluminum hydroxide, some food additives with in which aluminum compounds have been added (9), and from food crops that have absorbed aluminum from soil. Many aluminum compounds are poorly soluble, so total aluminum uptake from the digestive tract can be low.…”