Colloid Transport of Plutonium in the Far-Field of the Mayak Production Association, Russia

Новиков, А. П.; Kalmykov, Stepan N.; Utsunomiya, Satoshi; Ewing, Rodney C.; Horréard, F.; Merkulov, A.; Clark, Sue B.; Tkachev, V. V.; Myasoedov, Β. F.

doi:10.1126/science.1131307

Cited by 415 publications

(348 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Although not a new idea (Kim 1991;McCarthy and Zachara 1989;Santschi and Honeyman 1989;Ryan and Elimelech 1996), colloid-facilitated transport has slowly gained acceptance for the transport of low solubility contaminants. Recent work by Novikov et al (2006) and Xu et al (2006) has further advanced our understanding of this process by showing that Pu transported from its source was adsorbed to Fe-oxide and organic colloids, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colloid-Facilitated Transport of Plutonium at the Nevada Test Site, NV, USA

Kersting

Zavarin

2011

Actinide Nanoparticle Research

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Increasing observations of subsurface actinide transport has reinforced the need for a basic geochemical and hydrologic understanding of how these contaminants are transported in groundwater. At the Nevada Test Site, NV, USA, low-levels of plutonium have been shown to migrate on the scale of kilometers. At all but one sampling location the Pu is associated with the colloidal fraction (<1 mm) consisting predominantly of clays and zeolites. The majority of the Pu ($70%) is associated with the smallest nanoparticle (e.g., colloid) size fraction of 10-100 nm and in one case was identified as associated with a clay colloid. At one unique sampling site, Pu is predominantly associated with dissolved organic matter. Monitoring at over 20 contaminated groundwater sites at the NTS suggests that low-levels of Pu can be mobilized either via colloid-facilitated transport in fractured rock or as a result of aqueous Pu stabilization by anthropogenic levels of dissolved organic matter. Nevertheless, activities above the EPA's Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) for alpha-emitting radionuclides (15 pCi/L, 0.56 Bq/L) have been measured at only two locations at the NTS.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colloid-Facilitated Transport of Plutonium at the Nevada Test Site, NV, USA

Kersting

Zavarin

2011

Actinide Nanoparticle Research

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“…droxide (probably ferrihydrite) of <50 nm in diameter transported Pu more than 3 km from the source area through groundwater of pH 6 -8 (Novikov et al, 2006). Our results of the size distribution (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…The sedimentation time depends on their size; for instance, it is estimated to take a few thousand days and a few days for 5 -and 200 -nm ferrihydrite aggregates, respectively, to sediment by 10 mm in depth (Tsukimura et al, 2010). Ferrihydrite particles can transport adsorbed elements when they are dispersed (Novikov et al, 2006). On the other hand, adsorbed elements can be immobilized if ferrihydrite aggregates sediment or if adsorbed elements form precipitates during the transformation of ferrihydrite to hematite and goethite (Murakami et al, 1997(Murakami et al, , 2005.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size distribution of ferrihydrite aggregate and its implication for metal adsorption and transport

Tsubaki

Saito

Murakami

2012

Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences

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Adsorption experiments of Zn onto ferrihydrite were carried out at different initial Fe concentrations and pH, and at room temperature. Zinc -adsorbed ferrihydrite was fractionated to examine Zn adsorption among different -size aggregates of ferrihydrite. Primary ferrihydrite particles were as small as 5 -7 nm in diameter and they formed aggregates of <0.25 to >32 µm in size. The dominant size of the aggregates decreased with a decrease in the initial Fe concentrations and pH. Zinc was adsorbed on the surface of individual ferrihydrite nano -particles but not on that of ferrihydrite aggregates, indicating that ferrihydrite nano -particles were so loosely attached to one another in aggregates that individual nano -particles could adsorb Zn. The size distribution of ferrihydrite aggregates and the Zn adsorption on individual ferrihydrite nano -particles can change the sedimentation rate of ferrihydrite aggregates and the behavior of Zn during the transformation of ferrihydrite to goethite and hematite. Therefore, our results will give a deeper understanding of metal transport by ferrihydrite.

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“…Colloid-facilitated transport of Pu in both groundwater and surface water has been documented at several DOE sites (Kersting et al, 1999;Santschi et al, 2002). Pu sorbed to iron oxide colloids has also been detected over 4 km from its original source in Mayak, Russia (Novikov et al, 2006). These studies indicate that the Pu associated with mobile colloids has moved on the scale of kilometers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 65%