“…Since their theoretical prediction in 1973 and experimental demonstration in 1980 [1,2], optical solitons have been the subject of intense theoretical and experimental studies in nonlinear optics [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. In particular, optical spatial solitons, which exhibit the fascinating characteristics of self-guided beams, are an attractive and active area of research, because of their potential applications in many areas, including all-optical switching, optical data storage, distribution, and processing [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28].…”