Collision Tumor of Primary Laryngeal Mucosal Melanoma and Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma with IL-17A and CD70 Gene Over-Expression

Abstract

The most common primary malignancy of the larynx is the squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The primary malignant melanoma is quite rare in this location. Less than 60 cases of laryngeal melanomas have been reported to date. To our knowledge, collision primary malignant melanoma and invasive squamous cell carcinoma in the vocal cords has not been reported. We report a 53-year-old male patient who was diagnosed with a collision tumor of laryngeal melanoma and invasive SCC. Multiple Th17 pathway related genes including CTLA-4, IL-17A-F, PLZF, FoxP3, RorγT, CD27, and CD70 were analyzed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (Rt-PCR) in this case. Both IL-17A and CD70 genes were detected in this case of collision tumor. The results may define useful biomarkers for early diagnosis of mucosal melanoma and open an immunotherapeutic field for clinical management with the potential benefit from the immunomodulators that enhance both genes.

Clinical application of decellularized and lyophilized human amnion/chorion membrane grafts for closing post‐laryngectomy pharyngocutaneous fistulas

“…Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common cell type among the cancers of the larynx [3][4][5]. Unfortunately, 40% of patients have late presentations (Stage III or IV) of disease [6,7].…”

Synchronous primary pulmonary adenocarcinoma and extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue

“…Overexpression of IL-17A and CD70 gene in a collision tumor consisted of primary laryngeal mucosal melanoma and invasive squamous cell carcinoma was reported. [ 24 ] Fourthly, carcinogenic risk factors (e.g., smoking and aging) may ultimately trigger in the pathogenesis of multiple primary cancers synchronously. [ 25 ] Finally, the synchronous onset of 2 different malignancies in the same site was a random coincidence, which showed no specific relations among these lesions.…”

Primary subglottic malignant melanoma: a case report from Jordan

“…Malignant melanomas are often cutaneous in origin, and they have a low incidence rate. Mucosal malignant melanomas consist of 0.5-3% of all malignant melanomas (6,7). Although the number of cases reported is small, smoking is considered to be a major risk factor as other malignant laryngeal tumors (6, 7) and other studies have linked it to human papilloma virus, sun light exposure and other carcinogens (6,8).…”

“…Mucosal malignant melanomas consist of 0.5-3% of all malignant melanomas (6,7). Although the number of cases reported is small, smoking is considered to be a major risk factor as other malignant laryngeal tumors (6, 7) and other studies have linked it to human papilloma virus, sun light exposure and other carcinogens (6,8). Similar to other malignant melanomas, it had been linked to an altered immune system and connected to a few genes such as IL17A and CD70 (6).…”

“…Although the number of cases reported is small, smoking is considered to be a major risk factor as other malignant laryngeal tumors (6, 7) and other studies have linked it to human papilloma virus, sun light exposure and other carcinogens (6,8). Similar to other malignant melanomas, it had been linked to an altered immune system and connected to a few genes such as IL17A and CD70 (6). Primary laryngeal melanomas develop from neural crest derived melanocytes that had migrated to the mucosa of the larynx as well as the mucosa of upper aerodigestive tract (9) and this can be supported by the presence of intralaryngeal nevi (10), melanin pigmentation of the larynx (11) and lentigo of the larynx (12).…”