Collimation of partially stripped ions in the CERN Large Hadron Collider

Gorzawski, Arkadiusz; Abramov, A.; Bruce, Roderik; Fuster-Martínez, Nuria; Krasny, M. W.; Molson, James; Redaelli, Stefano; Schaumann, Michaela

doi:10.1103/physrevaccelbeams.23.101002

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…-18 - The HEL performance assessment relies on multi-turn tracking simulations carried out with SixTrack [42][43][44][45][46] that allows a symplectic, fully chromatic, and 6D tracking along the magnetic lattice of the machine, taking into account interactions with the ring collimators and the detailed aperture model of the entire ring. The code has been compared to LHC data in a number of studies [4,7,11,[47][48][49][50] with excellent agreement. HELs are integrated in the lattice as magnetic elements [51,52] and their effect on the beam can be modelled using different electron beam kicks (earlier studies can also be found in [53,54]).…”

Section: Expected Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Hollow electron lenses for beam collimation at the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC)

Redaelli¹,

Appleby²,

Bruce³

et al. 2021

J. Inst.

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Electrons lenses produce a high-intensity electron beam and have a variety of applications to circular hadron accelerators. Electron beams of different transverse cross sections and distributions may be designed, depending on the desired application, and they are produced and steered along the orbit of the hadron beam, overlapping with it for typical distances of a few meters before being deflected away and disposed of. Hollow electron beams find applications to high-intensity beam collimation for machines like the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Such devices can be integrated in a collimation system to improve the halo-cleaning performance through an active control of the halo dynamics: the annular distribution of the electrons excites resonantly the beam tails surrounding the beam core, while the core itself remains unperturbed, as ideally it only "sees" the field-free "hole" in the electron distribution. Hollow electron lenses are part of the upgrade baseline of the High-Luminosity project of the LHC (HL-LHC) and will be installed in the machine during a long shutdown in 2025-2027 to mitigate effects from beam losses so to improve the collimation system performance. This paper describes the hollow electron lens project within the HL-LHC collimation upgrade. K: Accelerator Applications; Accelerator modelling and simulations (multi-particle dynamics; single-particle dynamics); Accelerator Subsystems and Technologies; Beam dynamics Work supported by the HL-LHC project.

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Section: Expected Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Hollow electron lenses for beam collimation at the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC)

Redaelli¹,

Appleby²,

Bruce³

et al. 2021

J. Inst.

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“…The studies reported in this paper were carried out using SixTrack [48-52] that allows a symplectic, fully chromatic, and 6D tracking along the magnetic lattice of the machine, taking into account interactions with the ring collimators and the detailed aperture model of the entire ring. SixTrack has been successfully benchmarked with data of LHC beam loss patterns in [3,[53][54][55][56][57][58].…”

Section: Simulation Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear dynamics of proton beams with hollow electron lens in the CERN high-luminosity LHC

et al. 2021

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The design stored beam energy in the CERN high-luminosity large hadron collider (HL-LHC) upgrade is about 700 MJ, with about 36 MJ in the beam tails, according to estimates based on scaling considerations from measurements at the LHC. Such a large amount of stored energy in the beam tails poses serious challenges on its control and safe disposal. In particular, orbit jitters can cause significant losses on primary collimators, which can lead to accidental beam dumps, magnet quenches, or even permanent damage to collimators and other accelerator elements. Thus, active control of the diffusion speed of halo particles is necessary and the use of hollow electron lenses (HELs) represents the most promising approach to handle overpopulated tails at the HL-LHC. HEL is a very powerful and advanced tool that can be used for controlled depletion of beam tails, thus enhancing the performance of beam halo collimation. For these reasons, HELs have been recently included in the HL-LHC baseline. In this paper, we present detailed beam dynamics calculations performed with the goal of defining HEL specifications and operational scenarios for HL-LHC. The prospects for effective halo control in HL-LHC are presented.

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“…Further opportunities may be rendered possible by a dedicated storage ring for rare isotopes discussed in Sec. 6.…”

Section: Nuclear Physics With Gf Secondary-photon Beam On Fixed Targetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a unique and unprecedented research tool, the GF opens new possibilities across several fields of physics, from atomic physics (with the opportunities surveyed in [3]), to nuclear physics and related fields (the subject of the present paper), to elementary-particle physics and searches for physics beyond the standard model (SM). While the GF today is still a proposal, some of its key components such as the production and storage of partially stripped ions (PSI), for instance hydrogen-and helium-like Pb and phosphorus-like Xe [4][5][6], have been already demonstrated experimentally in the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. Moreover, the proof-of-principle experiment [7], further discussed in Sec.…”

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confidence: 99%

Expanding Nuclear Physics Horizons with the Gamma Factory

Budker,

Berengut,

Flambaum

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The Gamma Factory (GF) is an ambitious proposal, currently explored within the CERN Physics Beyond Colliders program, for a source of photons with energies up to ≈ 400 MeV and photon fluxes (up to ≈ 10 17 photons per second) exceeding those of the currently available gamma sources by orders of magnitude. The high-energy (secondary) photons are produced via resonant scattering of the primary laser photons by highly relativistic partially-stripped ions circulating in the accelerator. The secondary photons are emitted in a narrow cone and the energy of the beam can be monochromatized, eventually down to the ≈ 1 ppm level, via collimation, at the expense of the photon flux. This paper surveys the new opportunities that may be afforded by the GF in nuclear physics and related fields. CONTENTS 11.2. Photon Splitting 48 11.3. Photon Scattering 48 12. Nuclear physics with tertiary beams 49 12.1. Tertiary beams at the GF 49 12.2. Polarized electron, positron and muon sources 49 12.3. High-purity neutrino beams 50 12.4. Neutron and radioactive ion sources 50 12.5. Production of monoenergetic fast neutrons 51 12.6. Metrology with keV neutrons 51 13. Nuclear physics opportunities at the SPS 51 14. Speculative ideas and open questions 51 14.1. Applying the Gamma Factory ideas at other facilities 51 14.2. Nuclear waste transmutation 52 14.3. Laser polarization of PSI 52 14.4. Quark-gluon plasma with polarized PSI 52 14.5. Ground-state hyperfine-structure transitions in PSI 52 14.6. Detection of gravitational waves 53 15. Conclusions and optimistic outlook 53 Acknowledgments 53 Appendix 54 A. Survey of existing and forthcoming gamma facilities 54

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Collimation of partially stripped ions in the CERN Large Hadron Collider

Cited by 9 publications

References 22 publications

Hollow electron lenses for beam collimation at the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC)

Hollow electron lenses for beam collimation at the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC)

Nonlinear dynamics of proton beams with hollow electron lens in the CERN high-luminosity LHC

Expanding Nuclear Physics Horizons with the Gamma Factory

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