Collegiate women's soccer players suffer greater cumulative head impacts than their high school counterparts

McCuen, Emily C.; Svaldi, Diana Otero; Breedlove, Katherine M.; Kraz, Nicole; Cummiskey, Brian R.; Breedlove, Evan L.; Traver, Jessica L.; Desmond, Katherine F.; Hannemann, Robert E.; Zanath, Erica; Guerra, Alexandra; Leverenz, Larry J.; Talavage, Thomas M.; Nauman, Eric A.

doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2015.08.003

Cited by 130 publications

(165 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…102 The nonhelmeted designs of the X2 X-Patch and X-Guard attempt to address the limitations of helmeted designs and overcome the limitation of measuring head accelerations in nonhelmeted sports by placing sensors in the upper jaw 96 or behind the ear. 94 These designs have their own limitations related to skin motion, mouthguard fit, 96 saliva accumulation preventing data acquisition, 96 and a 50% error rate. 94 Measurement Error With Helmeted Devices.…”

Section: Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…94 These designs have their own limitations related to skin motion, mouthguard fit, 96 saliva accumulation preventing data acquisition, 96 and a 50% error rate. 94 Measurement Error With Helmeted Devices. Validation testing of the football HITS has shown that the resultant LA and rotational acceleration were within 4% of those values measured using a standardized headform, 54 but other researchers 47 noted the HITS may overestimate peak resultant LA by 8% and HIC by 23%.…”

Section: Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The X-Patch also has measurement error as high as 50% for peak resultant LA and AA, suggesting that a 40g acceleration event will result in a reading between 20g and 60g. 94 Recently, Press and Rowson 93 considered when evaluating impact magnitudes 94 and frequencies. 93 …”

Section: Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[93][94][95] For high school and collegiate athletes, all soccer-related head impacts averaged 37.6g resultant LA and 7523 rad/s 2 resultant AA. 47 Collegiate female soccer players sustained an average of 4.6 impacts per session (almost 7 per game and 3.5 during practice) 94 and resultant AA averages ranged 93,94 from 5626 to 7713 rad/s 2 . High school female soccer players sustained an average of 2 impacts per session: 2.9 per game and 1.7 during practice.…”

Section: Normative Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…High school female soccer players sustained an average of 2 impacts per session: 2.9 per game and 1.7 during practice. 94 At the youth level, male and female soccer players experienced a median linear impact magnitude of 18.3g. 95 Rugby.…”

Section: Normative Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Head-Impact–Measurement Devices: A Systematic Review

O’Connor

Rowson

Duma

et al. 2017

Journal of Athletic Training

146

117

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Context: With an estimated 3.8 million sport-and recreation-related concussions occurring annually, targeted prevention and diagnostic methods are needed. Biomechanical analysis of head impacts may provide quantitative information that can inform both prevention and diagnostic strategies.Objective: To assess available head-impact devices and their clinical utility.Data Sources: We performed a systematic search of the electronic database PubMed for peer-reviewed publications, using the following phrases: accelerometer and concussion, head impact telemetry, head impacts and concussion and sensor, head impacts and sensor, impact sensor and concussion, linear acceleration and concussion, rotational acceleration and concussion, and xpatch concussion. In addition to the literature review, a Google search for head impact monitor and concussion monitor yielded 15 more devices.Study Selection: Included studies were performed in vivo, used commercially available devices, and focused on sportrelated concussion.Data Extraction: One author reviewed the title and abstract of each study for inclusion and exclusion criteria and then reviewed each full-text article to confirm inclusion criteria. Controversial articles were reviewed by all authors to reach consensus.Data Synthesis: In total, 61 peer-reviewed articles involving 4 head-impact devices were included. Participants in boxing, football, ice hockey, soccer, or snow sports ranged in age from 6 to 24 years; 18% (n ¼ 11) of the studies included female athletes. The Head Impact Telemetry System was the most widely used device (n ¼ 53). Fourteen additional commercially available devices were presented.Conclusions: Measurements collected by impact monitors provided real-time data to estimate player exposure but did not have the requisite sensitivity to concussion. Proper interpretation of previously reported head-impact kinematics across age, sport, and position may inform future research and enable staff clinicians working on the sidelines to monitor athletes. However, head-impact-monitoring systems have limited clinical utility due to error rates, designs, and low specificity in predicting concussive injury.

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