College Students' Sexual Consent Communication And Perceptions of Sexual Double Standards: A Qualitative Investigation

Jozkowski, Kristen N.; Marcantonio, Tiffany L.; Hunt, Mary E.

doi:10.1363/psrh.12041

Cited by 133 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Traditional heteronormal sexual scripts involve men initiating sex more than women and seeking it out (Tolman, Kim, Schooler, & Sorsoli, 2007). This is consistent with the masculine and hierarchical rape culture, particularly in fraternities, where women and sex are seen as goals (Jozkowski, Marcantonio, & Hunt, 2017). This means that women act as gatekeepers to sex (Cannon, Lauve-Moon, & Buttell, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Understanding How University Students Use Perceptions of Consent, Wantedness, and Pleasure in Labeling Rape

et al. 2020

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While the lack of consent is the only determining factor in considering whether a situation is rape or not, there is sufficient evidence that participants conflate wantedness with consent and pleasurableness with wantedness. Understanding how people appraise sexual scenarios may form the basis to develop appropriate educational packages. We conducted two large-scale qualitative studies in two UK universities in which participants read vignettes describing sexual encounters that were consensual or not, wanted or unwanted and pleasurable or not pleasurable. Participants provided free-text responses as to whether they perceived the scenarios to be rape or not and why they made these judgments. The second study replicated the results of the first and included a condition where participants imagined themselves as either the subject or initiator of the sexual encounter. The results indicate that a significant portion of our participants held attitudes reflecting rape myths and tended to blame the victim. Participants used distancing language when imagining themselves in the initiator condition. Participants indicated that they felt there were degrees of how much a scenario reflected rape rather than it simply being a dichotomy (rape or not). Such results indicate a lack of understanding of consent and rape and highlight avenues of potential educational materials for schools, universities or jurors.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Understanding How University Students Use Perceptions of Consent, Wantedness, and Pleasure in Labeling Rape

et al. 2020

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“…While there is a relatively large literature examining gender (e.g., norms, double standards, affect) and hooking up broadly (e.g., Armstrong et al, 2012; Allison and Risman, 2013; Woerner and Abbey, 2017), there is less work examining these relationships in tandem with alcohol use. The general literature on women and sexual behavior indicates that for women it is difficult to navigate given the contradictory messages of self-development and empowerment, stigma surrounding hooking up behavior for women, gendered misperceptions that women always want a relationship, and the idea that refusing demonstrates that the woman has “standards” (i.e., not engaging in sex with men whom they did not want a romantic relationship with; Hamilton and Armstrong, 2009; Jozkowski et al, 2017). Further, too much casual sex is deemed negative, but not engaging in casual sex is also negatively perceived as a woman may be deemed prudish/uptight or a tease (Farvid et al, 2017; Jozkowski et al, 2017).…”

Section: Alcohol and Hooking Upmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The general literature on women and sexual behavior indicates that for women it is difficult to navigate given the contradictory messages of self-development and empowerment, stigma surrounding hooking up behavior for women, gendered misperceptions that women always want a relationship, and the idea that refusing demonstrates that the woman has “standards” (i.e., not engaging in sex with men whom they did not want a romantic relationship with; Hamilton and Armstrong, 2009; Jozkowski et al, 2017). Further, too much casual sex is deemed negative, but not engaging in casual sex is also negatively perceived as a woman may be deemed prudish/uptight or a tease (Farvid et al, 2017; Jozkowski et al, 2017). This paradoxical position for women may lead to the need to “excuse” their behavior and one way may be through alcohol use as evidenced from qualitative studies (Lindgren et al, 2007; Farvid et al, 2017; Jozkowski et al, 2017).…”

Section: Alcohol and Hooking Upmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further, too much casual sex is deemed negative, but not engaging in casual sex is also negatively perceived as a woman may be deemed prudish/uptight or a tease (Farvid et al, 2017; Jozkowski et al, 2017). This paradoxical position for women may lead to the need to “excuse” their behavior and one way may be through alcohol use as evidenced from qualitative studies (Lindgren et al, 2007; Farvid et al, 2017; Jozkowski et al, 2017). However, Lindgren et al (2009) also found that women in their qualitative study highlighted that alcohol can also increase sexual assertiveness in both behavior and communication.…”

Section: Alcohol and Hooking Upmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Growing Up, Hooking Up, and Drinking: A Review of Uncommitted Sexual Behavior and Its Association With Alcohol Use and Related Consequences Among Adolescents and Young Adults in the United States

et al. 2019

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Hookups are uncommitted sexual encounters that range from kissing to intercourse and occur between individuals in whom there is no current dating relationship and no expressed or acknowledged expectations of a relationship following the hookup. Research over the last decade has begun to focus on hooking up among adolescents and young adults with significant research demonstrating how alcohol is often involved in hooking up. Given alcohol’s involvement with hooking up behavior, the array of health consequences associated with this relationship, as well as its increasing prevalence from adolescence to young adulthood, it is important to determine the predictors and consequences associated with alcohol-related hooking up. The current review extends prior reviews by adding more recent research, including both qualitative and experimental studies (i.e., expanding to review more diverse methods), research that focuses on the use of technology in alcohol-related hookups (i.e., emerging issues), further develops prevention and intervention potentials and directions, and also offers a broader discussion of hooking up outside of college student populations (i.e., expanding generalization). This article will review the operationalization and ambiguity of the phrase hooking up, the relationship between hooking up and alcohol use at both the global and event levels, predictors of alcohol-related hooking up, and both positive and negative consequences, including sexual victimization, associated with alcohol-related hookups. Throughout, commentary is provided on the methodological issues present in the field, as well as limitations of the existing research. Future directions for research that could significantly advance our understanding of hookups and alcohol use are provided.

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“…Also, the provision of condoms by women is generally seen scarcely convenient, as people in general (Smith et al, 2008) and even women in particular (Hynie & Lydon, 1995) believe that it is more a male than a female matter. 2 Jozkowski et al (2017) show that endorsing a sexual DS also affects sexual consent communication between college students, engendering problems of misunderstanding and influencing the perception of sexual violence.…”

Section: Related Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Thinking as the others do: persistence and conformity of sexual double standard among young Italians

Migheli

Pronzato

2020

Genus

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The double standard represents a standard of good behaviour that, unfairly, some people are expected to follow or achieve, but others are not. Once neglected by social scientists, the double standard in sexual attitudes has become more and more studied. In this paper, we inquire about the existence of the double standard in opinions regarding peers' sexual behaviours and study its determinants. What makes young people judge the sexual behaviour of women in a more conservative way than that of men? The paper uses data collected from Italian university students, who are asked to express their (dis)approval of a series of sexual behaviours, considering peers of either gender participating in those behaviours. The results show that the double standard exists and has been persistent amid Italian undergraduate students over the last 20 years, and that the cultural context matters more than the family in shaping students' beliefs.

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College Students' Sexual Consent Communication And Perceptions of Sexual Double Standards: A Qualitative Investigation

Abstract: College students' consent communication may be influenced by gender norms that challenge assumptions of affirmative consent standards. Cultural shifts in students' views of sexuality may be necessary for affirmative consent policies to be effective.

Cited by 133 publications

References 35 publications

Understanding How University Students Use Perceptions of Consent, Wantedness, and Pleasure in Labeling Rape

Understanding How University Students Use Perceptions of Consent, Wantedness, and Pleasure in Labeling Rape

Growing Up, Hooking Up, and Drinking: A Review of Uncommitted Sexual Behavior and Its Association With Alcohol Use and Related Consequences Among Adolescents and Young Adults in the United States

Thinking as the others do: persistence and conformity of sexual double standard among young Italians

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