“…Accordingly, studies focusing on parenting practices in different Middle Eastern countries have revealed a range of parenting styles on the individualistic-collectivistic spectrum (e.g., See Al-Hassan et al, 2021;Al-Hassan & Takash, 2011;Dwairy et al, 2006). For instance, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, and Palestine are reported to be more collectivistic than Lebanon (Dwairy et al, 2006), while Jordanian families are understood to lean towards collectivistic parenting as they place high emphasis on respect, interdependence, loyalty, and harmony (Al-Hassan et al, 2021). Turkish parents have been reported to value interdependence while discouraging assertiveness and autonomy (Sunar, 2002), while other studies (e.g., Kayrakli, 2008;Nacak et al, 2011) have suggested that individualistic and collectivistic parenting values coexist in Turkish society.…”