Collective security and the responsibility to protect

Andreopoulos, George

doi:10.1017/cbo9780511675966.008

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…5 Although not synonymous, a central aspect of the R2P is the protection of civilians. The tension between the ambition to safeguard collective and human security through the use of force and the fear of interventionist or hegemonic politics was bridged by the paramount concern of civilian protection (Andreopoulos, 2010). Most of the discussion around R2P has focused on forcible humanitarian intervention and whether it can be regarded as legitimate.…”

Section: The Un and The Norm To Protectmentioning

confidence: 99%

UN peace operations and protection of civilians

Hultman

2013

Journal of Peace Research

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Protection of civilians is now at the forefront of the responsibilities of the international community. There is a strong international norm that civilian populations should be protected from violence. But how committed is the United Nations to acting in line with this norm? I argue that the UN Security Council (UNSC) has an interest in demonstrating that it takes violence against civilians seriously. Through a broadened security agenda including human security, the legitimacy and the credibility of the UNSC hinges on its ability to act as a guarantor of civilian protection. As a consequence, the UN is more likely to deploy peace operations in conflicts where the warring parties target the civilian population. The argument is supported by a statistical examination of all internal armed conflicts in 1989–2006. The results show that the likelihood of a UN peace operation is higher in conflicts with high levels of violence against civilians, but this effect is mainly visible after 1999. This year marked a shift in the global security agenda and it was also when the UNSC first issued an explicit mandate to protect civilians. Conflicts with high levels of violence against civilians are also more likely to get operations with robust mandates. This suggests that the UNSC is not just paying lip service to the protection norm, but that it actually acts to implement it.

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Section: The Un and The Norm To Protectmentioning

confidence: 99%

UN peace operations and protection of civilians

Hultman

2013

Journal of Peace Research

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“…Ten threats formulated by the "United Nations High Level Threat Panel" in 2004 for the world population are also in corroboration with these ten-problems [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. Out of these ten problems, energy, environment and poverty, which fall in top five list can be solved with a single solution [1].…”

Section: (I)mentioning

confidence: 86%

Practicable Artificial Photosynthesis: Its Relevance, Fundamental Challenges and Opportunities

Ganesh

2023

Univers. J. Catal. Sci.

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The single main resource for the survival of humankind on this planet is the sunlight and it is freely coming to every home like the life-supporting gas, oxygen, is coming to every individual. When society becomes master in harvesting such a precious, Omnipresent, carbon-neutral, clean, freely and abundantly available renewable energy resource sunlight in a suitable form of chemical energy such as, H2, O2, CO, methanol, gasoline (petrol), diesel, etc., with a minimum conversion efficiency of 10% by using carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) as energy storing materials, which is referred to as the “Practicable Artificial Photosynthesis (PAP)” process, it can be employed for commercial practice with economic viability to meet all the energy needs of the society without any back-up by electricity generated at thermal power plants by burning greenhouse gas CO2 releasing fossil fuels. In fact, the PAP process is the only option available today for humankind to make energy, environment, economy, and life sustainable on our only habitable planet, Earth. In this article, (i) how the PAP process can change the global energy economy and energy dynamics of the world while solving all the humanities top 10 problems for the next 50 years, (ii) how the entire CO2 gas generated as a waste across the globe at all the major outlets can be eventually converted into petrol (i.e., gasoline) given the fossil fuels cannot sustain our civilization’s economic growth, (iii) the effectiveness of existing CO2 sequestration vs. carbon capture and utilization (CCU) processes, (iv) nature’s response to anthropogenic CO2 gas rise in the atmosphere, (v) steps involved in the realization of a desirable PAP process, (vi) why silicon photovoltaic cell (SPVC) solar panels cannot solve the energy problems of our society considering the outcome of Germany’s Energiewende program, etc., have been meticulously presented and described in this article.

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On the Uses and Misuses of Human Rights: a Critical Approach to Advocacy

Andreopoulos¹,

Arat²

2014

The Uses and Misuses of Human Rights

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Collective security and the responsibility to protect

Cited by 3 publications

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UN peace operations and protection of civilians

UN peace operations and protection of civilians

Practicable Artificial Photosynthesis: Its Relevance, Fundamental Challenges and Opportunities

On the Uses and Misuses of Human Rights: a Critical Approach to Advocacy

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