“…In the related literature, different concepts of political participation have been extensively discussed. Initially, research focused on electoral participation, that is, voting (Milbrath, 1965), but the Internet has opened new possibilities for citizens to engage in politics (Chadwick and Howard, 2008;Mossberger, Tolbert, and McNeal, 2008) and various forms of social media and online political participation activities have evolved (Kim and Hoewe, 2020;Reichert, 2021;Waeterloos, Walrave, and Ponnet, 2021). By now, the forms of political participation are continuously expanding, including activities such as boycotting, attending street parties, guerilla gardening, posting political blogs, joining flash mobs, signing petitions, or buying fair-trade products (Deth, 2016); these activities are typically conceived as unconventional forms of participation, while voting is often pondered as a conventional one (Ardèvol-Abreu, Gil de Zúñiga, and Gámez, 2020).…”