“…Studies on flapping foils in side‐by‐side arrangements have demonstrated that the hydrodynamic thrust is relatively large when the foils flap in antiphase [
12, 24]. Methods that solve the Navier–Stokes equations directly, such as the immersed boundary method [
22, 33, 40] or marker‐and‐cell scheme [
7, 8], require a fine computational grid near the bodies in order to resolve thin boundary layers and are thus limited to moderate Reynolds numbers,
. Accurate and tractable simulations in regimes relevant to many swimming animals and biomimetic vehicles (e.g.,
for dolphins [
58]) have thus remained elusive.…”