Collective Flow in Heavy-Ion Collisions

Reisdorf, W.; Ritter, H. G.

doi:10.1146/annurev.nucl.47.1.663

Cited by 333 publications

(322 citation statements)

References 241 publications

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“…Furthermore, although higher order v 3 and v 4 are small at all rapidities, both v 1 and v 2 in these collisions are appreciable and show an asymmetry in the forward and backward rapidities. This asymmetry is present even around midrapidity for v 1 . Experimental verification of these predictions for asymmetric heavy-ion collisions at RHIC will be very useful in understanding the dynamics of asymmetric collisions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…There have been extensive studies on the azimuthal anisotropy of hadron momentum distributions in the transverse plane perpendicular to the beam direction, particularly the elliptic flow v 2 , in heavy-ion collisions at various energies [1]. The hadron transverse momentum anisotropy is generated by the pressure anisotropy in the initial compressed matter formed in noncentral heavy-ion collisions [2,3] and is sensitive to the properties of produced matter in these collisions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anisotropic flow inCu+Aucollisions atsNN=200GeV

Chen

2006

Phys. Rev. C

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The anisotropic flow of charged hadrons in asymmetric Cu + Au collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider is studied in a multiphase transport model. Compared with previous results for symmetric Au + Au collisions, charged hadrons produced around midrapidity in asymmetric collisions are found to have a stronger directed flow v 1 and their elliptic flow v 2 is also more sensitive to the parton scattering cross section. Although higher order flows v 3 and v 4 are small at all rapidities, both v 1 and v 2 in these collisions are appreciable and show an asymmetry in forward and backward rapidities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anisotropic flow inCu+Aucollisions atsNN=200GeV

Chen

2006

Phys. Rev. C

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“…Thus part of the available energy in central collision is converted to collective energy such as radial flow which expands outward, or transverse flow caused by the spectators being pushed by the participant region to the side, and the squeeze-out of nucleons from the participant region perpendicular to the reaction plane due to blocking by the spectators [32]. Clearly, all these collective motions strongly affect the signals of the phase-transition observed in central collisions and reduce the amount of excitation energy available for heating up the system.…”

Section: A Central Collisionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid-Gas Phase Transition in Nuclear Multifragmentation

Gupta

Mekjian

Tsang

2001

Advances in the Physics of Particles and Nuclei

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The equation of state of nuclear matter suggests that at suitable beam energies the disassembling hot system formed in heavy ion collisions will pass through a liquid-gas coexistence region. Searching for the signatures of the phase transition has been a very important focal point of experimental endeavours in heavy-ion collisions, in the last fifteen years. Simultaneously theoretical models have been developed to provide information about the equation of state and reaction mechanisms consistent with the experimental observables.

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“…In high energy nuclear collisions, the term flow has two important aspects: (i) collectivity of produced hadrons and (ii) the local thermalization among these hadron [3]. As long as there are interactions among constituents, collectivity of the matter will be developed provided there is inhomogeneity of matter density.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Under the same condition, chiral symmetry restoration also happens [1]. Therefore experimentally one would search for signatures of both QGP formation and in-medium effects of hadron properties.In high energy nuclear collisions, the term flow has two important aspects: (i) collectivity of produced hadrons and (ii) the local thermalization among these hadron [3]. As long as there are interactions among constituents, collectivity of the matter will be developed provided there is inhomogeneity of matter density.…”

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confidence: 99%

Study of bulk properties at high energy nuclear collisions?the search for the partonic equation of state at RHIC

2004

Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics

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We discuss recent results from RHIC. Issues of energy loss and partonic collectivity from Au + Au collisions at √ s NN = 200 GeV are the focus of this paper. We propose a path toward the understanding of the partonic Equation of State in high energy nuclear collisions. IntroductionThe purpose of the heavy ion program at Brookhaven National Laboratory is to probe strongly interacting matter under extreme conditions, i.e. at high densities and temperatures. Naturally the search for the existence of a new form of matter -the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) -is the experimental focus of the program.Lattice QCD calculations [1,2] predict the transition between QGP and hadronic state at T c ≈ 150 − 180 MeV with vanishing baryon density 1 . The energy density at the transition point is determined to be c ≈ 0.7 − 1.0 GeV/fm 3 . Under the same condition, chiral symmetry restoration also happens [1]. Therefore experimentally one would search for signatures of both QGP formation and in-medium effects of hadron properties.In high energy nuclear collisions, the term flow has two important aspects: (i) collectivity of produced hadrons and (ii) the local thermalization among these hadron [3]. As long as there are interactions among constituents, collectivity of the matter will be developed provided there is inhomogeneity of matter density. When the interactions last long enough the system will approach local equilibrium and hence develop flow. At the early stage of the collision, both density of the matter and gradient are large, therefore we expect the development of partonic collectivity -the collective motion of partons. The issues of thermalization can be addressed by studying heavy-flavor (c−, b-quarks) collectivity, because the collisions that generate the collective motion for heavy-quarks will likely lead to thermalization among the light quarks (u−, d−, s-quarks). It is important to note that collectivity is cumulative and it is not affected by the details of the hadronization process.Many exciting results emerged from the RHIC experiments since its first started in the year of 2000. Using high transverse momentum hadrons we demonstrated the interactions at early stage of the collisions. These interactions are most likely to occur among the 1 Including finite baryon density does not affect general properties of the phase transition in Lattice results [4] 2 partons. At RHIC, much stronger collective flow has been observed, especially for the early developing v 2 , compared to results from lower energy heavy ion collisions. This might imply that rescattering effects arise from the partonic stage at RHIC. This report will summarize the recent results from experiments at RHIC. It will be divided into three parts: (i) observations at the intermediate transverse momentum region (3 ≤ p T ≤ 10 GeV/c); (ii) bulk properties of the matter produced at RHIC; (iii) evidence of partonic collectivity at RHIC. Finally, the report will be ended with a brief summary and outlook. Energy loss -Interactions at early partonic stageThe measurements...

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Collective Flow in Heavy-Ion Collisions

Cited by 333 publications

References 241 publications

Anisotropic flow inCu+Aucollisions atsNN=200GeV

Anisotropic flow inCu+Aucollisions atsNN=200GeV

Liquid-Gas Phase Transition in Nuclear Multifragmentation

Study of bulk properties at high energy nuclear collisions?the search for the partonic equation of state at RHIC

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