Collective flow in heavy-ion collisions for<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>E</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mi fontstyle="normal">lab</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mtext>−</mml:mtext><mml:mn>160</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math>GeV/nucleon

Russkikh, V. N.; Ivanov, Yu. B.

doi:10.1103/physrevc.74.034904

Cited by 42 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 105 publications

(99 reference statements)

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“…In calculating v 2 for pions and protons we take into account contributions of resonance decays. Figure 2 summarizes the 3FD results [25,26,28] for the elliptic flow. The calculations have been done for Au+Au collisions at b = 6 fm (SIS and AGS energies) and Pb+Pb collisions at b = 5.6 fm (SPS energies).…”

Section: Elliptic Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this paper we would like to present such a study based on simulations within the 3FD model [25,26,28]. In order to estimate the dissipation, we use the approach suggested in Refs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the future they will be essentially complemented by new facilities, FAIR in Darmstadt and NICA in Dubna, as well as by experiments within the low-energy-scan program at RHIC. The available data were analyzed within kinetic [21,22,23,24] and 3FD [25,26] models. It was found that the 3FD approach noticeably overestimates the data at the SPS energies independently of the stiffness of the equation of state (EoS) and stopping power used by the model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Elliptic flow and dissipation in heavy-ion collisions atElab≃(1–160)AGeV

et al. 2009

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Elliptic flow in heavy-ion collisions at incident energies E lab ≃ (1-160)A GeV is analyzed within the model of 3-fluid dynamics (3FD). We show that a simple correction factor, taking into account dissipative affects, allows us to adjust the 3FD results to experimental data. This single-parameter fit results in a good reproduction of the elliptic flow as a function of the incident energy, centrality of the collision and rapidity. The experimental scaling of pion eccentricity-scaled elliptic flow versus charged-hadron-multiplicity density per unit transverse area turns out to be also reasonably described. Proceeding from values of the Knudsen number, deduced from this fit, we estimate the upper limit the shear viscosity-to-entropy ratio as η/s ∼ 1 − 2 at the SPS incident energies. This value is of the order of minimal η/s observed in water and liquid nitrogen.

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Section: Elliptic Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this paper we would like to present such a study based on simulations within the 3FD model [25,26,28]. In order to estimate the dissipation, we use the approach suggested in Refs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Elliptic flow and dissipation in heavy-ion collisions atElab≃(1–160)AGeV

et al. 2009

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“…An estimate of the number of hyperons per participant can be obtained from the experimental ratio of the kaon yields per participant [31], which indicates a strangeness fraction smaller than 10% [38]. As a reference, we also show the parametric EOSs discussed in [11], which are characterized by different values of the incompressibility parameter K −1 . From Fig.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Possible indirect indications of a softening of the EOS at the energies reached at AGS have been discussed several times in the literature [5][6][7][8][9][10]. In particular, a recent analysis [11] based on a 3-fluid dynamics simulation suggests a progressive softening of the EOS tested through HICs at energies ranging from 2A GeV up to 8A GeV.…”

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Softening of the Equation of State of Matter at Large Densities and Temperatures: Chiral-Symmetry Restoration Versus Quark Deconfinement

2007

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We discuss two models for describing the behavior of matter at large densities and intermediate temperatures. In both models a softening of the equation of state takes place due to the appearance of new degrees of freedom. The first is an hadronic model in which the softening is due to chiral symmetry restoration. In the second model the softening is associated with the formation of clusters of quarks in the mixed phase. We show that both models allow a significant softening but, in the first case the bulk modulus is mainly dependent on the density, while in the mixed phase model it also strongly depends on the temperature. We also show that the bulk modulus is not vanishing in the mixed phase due to the presence of two conserved charges, the baryon and the isospin one. Only in a small region of densities and temperatures the incompressibility becomes extremely small. Finally we compare our results with recent analysis of heavy ion collisions at intermediate energies. Introduction. -The behavior of matter at large densities and temperatures is still poorly known but, on general grounds, new degrees of freedom are expected to appear and they should generate a softening of the Equation of State (EOS). In this Letter we discuss two models for the softening: the first model is based on a purely hadronic chirally symmetric EOS [1-3] and the softening is due to partial restoration of the chiral symmetry. In that model the calculations are performed beyond mean field approximation and quantum fluctuations play a crucial role. In a second model the softening is due to the formation of clusters of quarks, which are the precursors of deconfinement. These clusters are at first metastable and they stabilize only at larger densities.The aim of our calculation is to compare how the softening takes place in the two models and finally to relate our results to recent analysis of the experimental data. This may be helpful also in prevision of future experiments planned e.g. at facility FAIR at GSI [4].The extraction of experimental information about the EOS of matter at large densities and temperatures from the data of intermediate and high energy Heavy Ion Collisions (HICs) is very complicated. Possible indirect indications of a softening of the EOS at the energies reached at AGS have been discussed several times in the literature [5][6][7][8][9][10]. In particular, a recent analysis [11] based on a 3-fluid dynamics simulation suggests a progressive softening of the EOS tested through HICs at energies ranging from 2A GeV up to 8A GeV.In this letter we will show that in the chiral model the incompressibility strongly depends on the density but it is almost temperature independent at least up to T ∼ 150 MeV. At the contrary a strong temperature dependence is found in the mixed phase model. Since in HICs at intermediate energies not too large densities are reached, the mixed-phase model seems to provide a better description of the results of the experiments analysis.

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